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old barn

  • 1 barn

    (a building in which grain, hay etc are stored: The farmer keeps his tractor in the barn.) låve, fjøs, stall
    låve
    --------
    løe
    subst. \/bɑːn\/
    1) låve
    2) stall
    3) fjøs
    4) (amer.) sporvognstall
    go all around the barn to find the door gå over bekken etter vann
    old barn gammel rønne

    English-Norwegian dictionary > barn

  • 2 child

    plural - children; noun
    1) (a young human being of either sex.) barn
    2) (a son or daughter: Her youngest child is five years old.) barn
    - childish
    - childishly
    - childishness
    - childless
    - childlike
    - childbirth
    - child's play
    barn
    subst. (flertall: children) \/tʃaɪld\/
    1) barn
    2) avkom, slektning
    3) etterfølger, lærling
    4) ( overført) idé, skapning, produkt, foster, barn
    at han skulle gifte seg med henne, var bare et fantasifoster
    5) ( gammeldag) junker
    be a child at heart ha bevart barnet i seg
    (be) with child eller (be) big with child være gravid, vente barn
    a child of nature et naturbarn
    children at play ( på skilt) barn leker, barn i lek
    from a child ( om tid) fra barnsben av, fra barndommen av, allerede som barn
    fuss over the children pusle om barna skjemme bort barna
    go with child ( gammeldags) være gravid, være svanger
    one's inner child ( psykologi) ens indre barn
    place out a child sette bort et barn, plassere et barn i forsterhjem
    this child (hverdagslig, spøkefullt) jeg, meg
    when (quite) a child (allerede) som barn, i barndommen

    English-Norwegian dictionary > child

  • 3 child

    plural - children; noun
    1) (a young human being of either sex.) barn
    2) (a son or daughter: Her youngest child is five years old.) barn
    - childish
    - childishly
    - childishness
    - childless
    - childlike
    - childbirth
    - child's play
    * * *
    plural - children; noun
    1) (a young human being of either sex.) barn
    2) (a son or daughter: Her youngest child is five years old.) barn
    - childish
    - childishly
    - childishness
    - childless
    - childlike
    - childbirth
    - child's play

    English-Danish dictionary > child

  • 4 child

    n. barn
    * * *
    plural - children; noun
    1) (a young human being of either sex.) barn
    2) (a son or daughter: Her youngest child is five years old.) barn
    - childish
    - childishly
    - childishness
    - childless
    - childlike
    - childbirth
    - child's play

    English-Swedish dictionary > child

  • 5 Kane, Joseph

    1894-1975
       El nombre de Joseph Kane se asocia de forma indisoluble a una productora, Republic, de principio a fin. Kane habia dirigido en 1935 un serial para Mascot, que junto con otras pequenas productoras se asociaron para fundar Republic ese mismo ano. Desde esa fecha hasta 1958, en que la productora desaparece, Kane es uno de sus directores mas prolificos. Estamos ante uno de los grandes nombres del western, en cantidad, ya que no en calidad. Entre 1934 y 1975 trabaja en no menos de 120 peliculas, la inmensa mayoria de las cuales pertenecen al genero que nos ocupa. Trabaja con Gene Autry, John Wayne, Robert Livingston, Roy Rogers, Bill Elliott, en tre otros. Despues dirigira algunos episodios de se ries de television y otras cuatro peliculas. Sus mejores filmes son, sin duda, Titanes de la montana y Los indomables, ya al final de su carrera.
        Tumbling Tumbleweeds. 1935. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Lucile Browne.
        Melody Trail. 1935, 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Ann Rutherford.
        The Sagebrush Troubadour. 1935. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Barbara Pepper.
        The Lawless Nineties. 1936. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Wayne, Ann Rutherford.
        King of the Pecos. 1936. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Wayne, Muriel Evans.
        The Lonely Trail. 1936. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Wayne, Ann Rutherford.
        Oh, Susanna! 1936. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Frances Grant.
        Ride Ranger Ride. 1936. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Kay Hugues.
        Ghost-Town Gold. 1936. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Livingston, Ray Corrigan, Kay Hugues, Max Terhune.
        The Old Corral. 1936. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Hope Manning.
        Guns and Guitars. 1936. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Dorothy Dix.
        Git Along. Little Dogies. 1937. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Judith Allen.
        Round-Up Time in Texas. 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Maxine Doyle.
        Gunsmoke Ranch. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Livingston, Ray Corrigan, Julia Thayer, Max Terhune.
        Come On, Cowboys! 1937. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Livingston, Ray Corrigan, Maxine Doyle, Max Terhune.
        Yodelin’ Kid from Pine Ridge. 1937. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Betty Bronson.
        Public Cowboy No. 1. 1937. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Ann Rutherford.
        Heart of the Rockies. 1937. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Livingston, Ray Corrigan, Lynn Roberts, Max Terhune.
        Boots and Saddles. 1937. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Judith Allen.
        Springtime in the Rockies. 1937. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Polly Rowles.
        The Old Barn Dance. 1938. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Helen Valkis.
        Arson Gang Busters. 1938. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Robert Livingston, Rosalind Keith.
        Under Western Stars. 1938. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Smiley Burnette, Carol Hugues.
        Gold Mine in the Sky. 1938. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Carol Hugues.
        The Man from Music Mountain. 1938. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Carol Hughes.
        Billy the Kid Returns. 1938. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).
        Come On, Rangers. 1938. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Raymond Hatton, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).
        Shine On, Harvest Moon. 1938. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).
        Rough Riders’ Round-Up. 1939. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Raymond Hatton, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).
        Frontier Pony Express. 1939. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).
        Southward Ho. 1939. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).
        In Old Caliente. 1939. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Mary Hart (Lynne Roberts).
        Wall Street Cowboy. 1939. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Ann Baldwyn, George Hayes, Raymond Hatton.
        In Old Monterey. 1939. 74 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, June Storey.
        The Arizona Kid. 1939. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Dorothy Sebastian, George Hayes.
        Saga of Death Valley. 1939. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Doris Day, George Hayes.
        Days of Jesse James. 1939. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Pauline Moore, George Hayes.
        Young Buffalo Bill. 1940. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Pauline Moore, George Hayes.
        The Carson City Kid. 1940. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Pauline Moore, Bob Steele.
        The Ranger and the Lady. 1940. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Julie Bishop, George Hayes.
        Colorado. 1940. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Pauline Moore, George Hayes.
        Young Bill Hickcok. 1940. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Sally Payne, George Hayes.
        The Border Legion. 1940. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Carol Hugues, George Hayes.
        Robin Hood of the Pecos. 1941. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Marjorie Reynolds, George Hayes.
        In Old Cheyenne. 1941. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Joan Woodbury, George Hayes.
        Sheriff of Tombstone. 1941. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Elyse Knox, George Hayes.
        Nevada City. 1941. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Sally Payne, George Hayes.
        Bad Man of Deadwood. 1941. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Carol Adams, George Hayes.
        Jesse James at Bay. 1941. 56 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Gale Storm, Sally Payne, George Hayes.
        Red River Valley. 1941. 62 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Sally Payne, George Hayes.
        Man from Cheyenne. 1942. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Sally Payne, George Hayes.
        South of Santa Fe. 1942. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Lynda Hayes, George Hayes.
        Sunset on the Desert. 1942. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Lynne Carver, George Hayes.
        Romance on the Range. 1942. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Sally Payne, George Hayes.
        Sons of the Pioneers. 1942. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Maris Wrixon, George Hayes.
        Sunset Serenade. 1942. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Helen Parrish, George Hayes.
        Heart of the Golden West. 1942. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Ruth Terry, George Hayes, Smiley Burnette.
        Ridin’ Down the Canyon. 1942. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Lynda Hayes, George Hayes, Bob Nolan.
        Idaho. 1943. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Virginia Grey, Smiley Burnette, Bob Nolan.
        King of the Cowboys. 1943. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Peggy Moran, Smiley Burnette, Bob Nolan.
        Song of Texas. 1943. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Sheila Ryan, Barton MacLane, Bob Nolan.
        Silver Spurs. 1943. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Phyllis Brooks, Smiley Burnette, Bob Nolan, John Carradine.
        The Man from Music Mountain. 1943. 71 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Ruth Ferry, Bob Notan.
        Hands Across the Border (Cita en la frontera). 1944. 73 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Ruth Terry, Bob Nolan.
        The Cowboy and the Senorita. 1944. 78 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Mary Lee, Dale Evans, Bob Nolan.
        The Yellow Rose of Texas. 1944. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Dale Evans, Bob Nolan.
        Song of Nevada (La cancion de Nevada). 1944. 75 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Roy Rogers, Dale Evans, Mary Lee, Bob Nolan.
        Flame of Barbary Coast (Algun dia volvere). 1945. 91 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Wayne, Ann Dvorak.
        Dakota. 1945. 82 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Wayne, Vera Ralston, Walter Brennan.
        In Old Sacramento. 1946. 89 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Constance Moore
        The Plainsman and the Lady. 1946. 87 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Vera Ralston, Andy Clyde.
        Wyoming. 1947. 84 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Vera Ralston, George Hayes.
        In Old Los Angeles. 1948. 88 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Catherine McLeod, Andy Devine.
        The Gallant Legion. 1948. 88 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Adele Mara, Adrian Booth, Andy Devine.
        The Plunderers. 1948. 87 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Rod Cameron, Ilona Massey, Adrian Booth.
        The Last Bandit. 1949. 80 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Bill Elliott, Adrian Booth, Forrest Tucker, Andy Devine.
        Brimstone. 1949. 90 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Rod Cameron, Adrian Booth, Forrest Tucker, Walter Brennan.
        Rock Island Trail. 1950. 90 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Forrest Tucker, Adele Mara, Adrian Booth.
        The Savage Horde. 1950. 90 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bill Elliott, Adrian Booth, Grant Whiters, Noah Beery, Jr.
        California Passage. 1950. 90 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Forrest Tucker, Adele Mara, Jim Davis.
        Oh! Susanna. 1951. 90 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Rod Cameron, Adrian Booth, Forrest Tucker.
        Woman of the North Country. 1952. 92 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Ruth Hussey, Rod Cameron, John Agar, Gale Storm
        Ride the Man Down. 1952. 90 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Brian Donlevy, Rod Cameron, Ella Raines.
        San Antone (Los rebeldes de San Antonio). 1953. 90 min. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Rod Cameron, Arleen Whelan, Katy Jurado, Forrest Tucker.
        Jubilee Trail (Extrana aventura). 1954. 103 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Vera Ralston, Forrest Tucker, Joan Leslie.
        Hell’s Outpost. 1954. 90 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Rod Cameron, Joan Leslie, John Russell.
        Timberjack (Titanes de la montana). 1955. 94 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Sterling Hayden, Vera Ralston.
        The Road to Denver. 1955. 90 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. John Payne, Mona Freeman, Lee J. Cobb.
        The Vanishing American (El ocaso de una raza). 1955. 90 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Scott Brady, Audrey Totter, Forrest Tucker.
        The Maverick Queen (Los indomables). 1956. 92 minutos. Trucolor. Natu rama. Republic. Barbara Stanwyck, Barry Sullivan, Scott Brady.
        Thunder Over Arizona. 1956. 70 minutos. Trucolor. Naturama. Republic. Skip Homeier, Kristine Miller.
        Duel at Apache Wells. 1957. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Naturama. Republic. Anna Maria Alberguetti, Ben Cooper, Jim Davis.
        Spoilers of the Forest. 1957. 68 minutos. Trucolor. Naturama. Republic. Rod Cameron, Vera Ralston.
        The Last Stagecoach West. 1957. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Naturama. Republic. Jim Davis, Mary Castle.
        Gunfire at Indian Gap. 1957. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Naturama. Republic. Vera Ralston, Anthony George.
        The Lawless Eighties. 1958. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Naturama. Republic. Buster Crabbe, John Smith, Marilyn Saris.
        Smoke in the Wind (co-d.: Andy Brennan). 1975. 98 minutos. Color. Gamalex. John Ashely, John Russell, Susan Houston, Walter Brennan.

    English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Kane, Joseph

  • 6 child

    plural - children; noun
    1) (a young human being of either sex.) barn
    2) (a son or daughter: Her youngest child is five years old.) barn
    - childish
    - childishly
    - childishness
    - childless
    - childlike
    - childbirth
    - child's play

    English-Icelandic dictionary > child

  • 7 smadderkasse

    ( vogn) banger, old crock, crate;
    ( hus) old barn.

    Danish-English dictionary > smadderkasse

  • 8 caserón

    m.
    large house.
    * * *
    1 big rambling house
    * * *
    SM large house, ramshackle house
    * * *
    masculino big, rambling house
    * * *
    masculino big, rambling house
    * * *
    (casagrande) big, rambling house; (— grande y destartalada) big, run-down house
    * * *
    large, rambling house
    * * *
    m big old barn

    Spanish-English dictionary > caserón

  • 9 torch

    torch [tɔ:tʃ] (pl torches)
    1 noun
    (a) British (electric) lampe f de poche
    (b) (flaming stick) torche f, flambeau m;
    to put a torch to sth mettre le feu à qch;
    figurative to carry a torch for sb en pincer pour qn
    (c) Technology (for welding, soldering) chalumeau m
    mettre le feu à;
    they torched the old barn ils ont mis le feu à la vieille grange
    ►► torch song chanson f d'amour triste

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > torch

  • 10 GAMALL

    * * *
    (gömul, gamalt), a.
    1) old;
    á gamals aldri, in his old age;
    opt er gott þat er gamlir kveða, old men’s sayings are often good;
    2) old, aged, of a certain age;
    hve gamall maðr ertu, how old art thou?
    tólf vetra (gen.) gamall, twelve years old.
    * * *
    contr. forms, gamlan, gamla, gamlir, gamlar, gömlum, etc., fem. sing. and neut. pl. gömul; neut. sing. gamalt; the compar. and superl. from a different root, viz. compar. ellri, superl. ellztr, mod. eldri eldstr or elztr: [not recorded in Ulf., who renders αρχαιος by alþeis; but in A. S. gamol and gomel occur, although rarely even in Beowulf; in mod. Engl. and Germ. it is lost, but is in full use in all Scandin. dialects; Swed. gammal; Dan. gammel; Norse gamal, fem. gomol, Ivar Aasen]:
    I. old, Lat. senex; in the sayings, þeygi á saman gamalt og ungt, Úlf. 3. 44; opt er gott þat er gamlir kveða, Hm. 134, Fb. i. 212; íllt að kenna gömlum hundi að sitja; gamlir eru elztir, old are the eldest, i. e. the most cunning, clever; tvisvar verðr gamall maðr barn; engi verðr eldri en gamall; en þótt konungr þessi sé góðr maðr … þá mun hann þó eigi verða ellri en gamall, Fms. iv. 282; faðir minn var gamall, Nj. 31; g. spámaðr, an old spae-man, 656 B. 12; hence gamals-aldr, m. old age, Ld. 4, Fms. ii. 71: compds, af-garnall, fjör-g., eld-g., q. v.; cp. also ör-gemlir = Germ. uralt, a giant in Edda.
    2. grown up, old, of animals; arðr-uxi gamall, Grág. i. 502; gamlir sauðir, old rams; gjalda grís fyrir gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; fyrr á gömlum uxanum at bæsa en kálfinum, a pun, Fms. vi. 28.
    3. old, of things, freq. in mod. usage, but the ancients use gamall of persons or living things, and distinguish between gamall and forn (q. v.); a man is ‘gamall,’ but he wears ‘forn’ klæði ( old clothes), thus in the verse Fms. xi. 43 gamall prob. refers to Gorm and not to land; Merl. 1. 61 is corrupt; vide gjallr (below); gamall siðr, Anal. 187, does not appear in Fb. iii. 401 (the original of the mod. text in Anal.)
    II. old, aged, of a certain age; nokkurra vetra gamall, some years old, Fms. xi. 78; fjögurra vetra gömul, Þiðr. 221; hve gamall maðr ertu, how old art thou? Ísl. ii. 220; tólf vetra gamall, 204; fimm, sex, vetra gamall, Grág. i. 502; vetr-gamall, a winter old; árs-gamall, a year old; misseris-gamall, half a year old; nætr-g., a night old, etc.
    III. in pr. names, hinn Gamli is added as a soubriquet, like ‘major’ in Lat., to distinguish an older man from a younger man of the same name; hinn gamli and hinn ungi also often answer to the Engl. ‘father and son;’ thus, Hákon Gamli and Hákon Ungi, old and young H., Fms.; also, Jörundr Gamli, Ketilbjörn Gamli, Örlygr Gamli, Bragi Gamli, Ingimundr hinn Gamli, etc., vide Landn.; Ari hinn Gamli, Bs. i. 26, to distinguish him from his grandson Ari Sterki; cp. the Lat. Cato Major: in some of the instances above it only means the old = Lat. priscus.
    B. The compar. is ellri and superl. ellztr; eigi ellra en einnar nætr, 1812. 57; fjórtan vetra gamall eðr ellri, K. Á. 190; enir ellri synir Brjáns, Nj. 269; inn ellzti, 38; ellztr bræðranna, Grág. i. 307; hann var ellztr, Eg. 27, Fms. i. 20, passim.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > GAMALL

  • 11 bruja

    f.
    1 witch, sorceress.
    3 vixen, old bag, old hag, bitch.
    4 crone, harridan.
    5 barn owl.
    pres.subj.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: brujir.
    * * *
    1 (hechicera) witch
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    1.
    ADJ

    estar bruja Caribe, Méx ** to be broke *, be flat (EEUU) *

    ando bien bruja** I'm skint **

    2. SF
    1) (=hechicera) witch
    2) * (=arpía) old hag *; Méx woman
    3) Caribe, Cono Sur (=fantasma) spook *, ghost; (=puta) whore
    4) (Orn) barn owl
    * * *
    1) ( mujer antipática) (fam) witch (colloq), old hag (colloq); ver tb brujo II
    2) (AmC, Col) (Zool) moth
    * * *
    = witch, bitch, dragon lady, shrewish, evil old woman, sorceress, old hag, hag, old bag, old crone, old bat.
    Ex. Recently parents and concerned citizens have increasingly challenged library books that feature witches, demons and the devil whether in fiction, mythology or mysticism.
    Ex. Scarlett O'Hara, the main character, is portrayed as both a scheming bitch and hard-nosed survivor.
    Ex. The impassive Diane is portrayed early on as the office dragon lady, bossing about her underling.
    Ex. He was a shiftless, good-for-nothing man and his shrewish wife was constantly importuning him.
    Ex. The fear of evil old women flying across the sky on broomsticks and hunting for children still remains today because of the ignorance of humanity.
    Ex. Its origin is a German folktale in which a beautiful girl with long golden hair is kept imprisoned in a lonely tower by a sorceress.
    Ex. On the streets of London we meet some of the denizens of the city -- there is the sandwich-board man, a blind old hag, and a lamplighter among them.
    Ex. Many stories about hags seem to have been used to frighten children into being good.
    Ex. Feminists prior to her were the old bags, the women that were so ugly you couldn't stand to look at them.
    Ex. About this time several of the old crones of the tribe offered their ribald advice on how the new couple should conduct themselves off in the forest together.
    Ex. The other day some crazy old bat stole both my house keys and car keys.
    ----
    * bieja bruja = old hag.
    * caza de brujas = witch-hunt, witch hunting.
    * vieja bruja = evil old woman, harridan, hag, old bag, old crone, old bat.
    * * *
    1) ( mujer antipática) (fam) witch (colloq), old hag (colloq); ver tb brujo II
    2) (AmC, Col) (Zool) moth
    * * *
    = witch, bitch, dragon lady, shrewish, evil old woman, sorceress, old hag, hag, old bag, old crone, old bat.

    Ex: Recently parents and concerned citizens have increasingly challenged library books that feature witches, demons and the devil whether in fiction, mythology or mysticism.

    Ex: Scarlett O'Hara, the main character, is portrayed as both a scheming bitch and hard-nosed survivor.
    Ex: The impassive Diane is portrayed early on as the office dragon lady, bossing about her underling.
    Ex: He was a shiftless, good-for-nothing man and his shrewish wife was constantly importuning him.
    Ex: The fear of evil old women flying across the sky on broomsticks and hunting for children still remains today because of the ignorance of humanity.
    Ex: Its origin is a German folktale in which a beautiful girl with long golden hair is kept imprisoned in a lonely tower by a sorceress.
    Ex: On the streets of London we meet some of the denizens of the city -- there is the sandwich-board man, a blind old hag, and a lamplighter among them.
    Ex: Many stories about hags seem to have been used to frighten children into being good.
    Ex: Feminists prior to her were the old bags, the women that were so ugly you couldn't stand to look at them.
    Ex: About this time several of the old crones of the tribe offered their ribald advice on how the new couple should conduct themselves off in the forest together.
    Ex: The other day some crazy old bat stole both my house keys and car keys.
    * bieja bruja = old hag.
    * caza de brujas = witch-hunt, witch hunting.
    * vieja bruja = evil old woman, harridan, hag, old bag, old crone, old bat.

    * * *
    A (mujer antipática) ( fam); witch ( colloq), old hag ( colloq) ver tb brujo2 (↑ brujo (2))
    B (AmC, Col) ( Zool) moth
    * * *

     

    bruja sustantivo femenino
    1 witch, sorceress
    2 fig (mujer antipática) old bag
    ' bruja' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    mientras
    - chicha
    - escoba
    English:
    bitch
    - cow
    - hag
    - sorceress
    - witch
    - change
    * * *
    nf
    1. [hechicera] witch, sorceress
    2. Fam [mujer fea] hag
    3. Fam [mujer mala] witch
    adj
    CAm, Carib, Méx Fam
    andar o [m5] estar bruja [sin dinero] to be broke o Br skint
    * * *
    f
    1 witch;
    :
    estar bruja fam be broke fam
    * * *
    bruja n witch [pl. witches]

    Spanish-English dictionary > bruja

  • 12 BERA

    * * *
    I)
    (ber; bar, bárum; borinn), v.
    I.
    1) to bear, carry, convey (bar B. biskup í börum suðr í Hvamm);
    bera (farm) af skipi, to unload a ship;
    bera (mat) af borði, to take (the meat) off the table;
    bera e-t á hesti, to carry on horseback;
    2) to wear (bera klæði, vápn, kórónu);
    bera œgishjálm, to inspire fear and awe;
    3) to bear, produce, yield (jörðin berr gras; tré bera aldin, epli);
    4) to bear, give birth to, esp. of sheep and cows;
    kýr hafði borit kálf, had calved;
    absol., ván at hón mundi bera, that the cow would calve;
    the pp. is used of men; hann hafði verit blindr borinn, born blind;
    verða borinn í þenna heim, to be born into this world;
    þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, born to;
    borinn e-m, frá e-m (rare), born of;
    Nótt var Nörvi borin, was the daughter of N.;
    borinn Sigmundi, son of S.;
    5) bera e-n afli, ofrafli, ofrliði, ofrmagni, ofríki, to bear one down, overcome, oppress, one by odds or superior force;
    bera e-n ráðum, to overrule one;
    bera e-n bjóri, to make drunk with beer;
    verða bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise;
    borinn verkjum, overcome by pains;
    þess er borin ván, there is no hope, all hope is gone;
    borinn baugum, bribed; cf. bera fé á e-n, to bribe one;
    6) to lear, be capable of bearing (of a ship, horse, vehicle);
    þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, with as much as they could carry;
    fig., to sustain, support (svá mikill mannfjöldi, at landit fekk eigi borit);
    of persons, to bear up against, endure, support (grief, sorrow, etc.);
    absol., bar hann drengiliga, he bore it manfully;
    similarly, bera (harm) af sér, berast vel (illa, lítt) af;
    bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore up bravely;
    hversu berst Auðr af um bróðurdauðann, how does she bear it?
    hon berst af lítt, she is much cast down;
    bera sik vel upp, to bear well up against;
    7) bera e-t á, e-n á hendr e-m, to charge or tax one with (eigi erum vér þess valdir, er þú berr á oss);
    bera (kvið) á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty (í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn);
    bera af e-m (kviðinn), to give a verdict for;
    bera e-t af sér, to deny having done a thing;
    bera or bera vitni, vætti, to bear witness, testify;
    bera or bera um e-t, to give a verdict in a case;
    bera e-n sannan at sök, to prove guilty by evidence;
    bera e-n undan sök, to acquit;
    bera í sundr frændsemi þeirra, to prove (by evidence) that they are not relations;
    refl. (pass.), berast, to be proved by evidence (þótt þér berist þat faðerni, er þú segir);
    8) to set forth, report, tell;
    bera e-m kveðju (orð, orðsending), to bring one a greeting, compliments (word, message);
    bera or bera fram erindi sín fyrir e-n, to state (tell) one’s errand or to plead one’s case before one;
    bera e-m njósn, to apprise one;
    bera e-t upp, to produce, mention, tell;
    bera upp erindi sín, to state one’s errand;
    bera saman ráð sín, to consult together;
    eyddist það ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed;
    9) to keep, hold, bear, of a title (bera jarlnafn, konnungsnafn);
    bera (eigi) giptu, gæfu, hammingju, auðnu til e-s, (not) to have the good fortune to do a thing (bar hann enga gæfu til at þjóna þér);
    bera vit, skyn, kunnáttu á e-t, to have knowledge of, uniderstanding about;
    bera hug, áræði, þor, traust til e-s, to have courage, confidence to do a thing;
    bera áhyggju fyrir e-u, to be concerned about;
    bera ást, elsku, hatr til e-s, to bear affection, love, hatred to;
    10) to bear off or away, carry off (some gain);
    bera sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in;
    hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orustum, he had been victorious in two battles;
    bera hærra (lægra) hlut to get the best (the worst) of it;
    bera efra (hærra) skjöld, to gain the victory;
    bera hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), to be in high (low) spirits;
    bera halann bratt, lágt, to cock up or let fall the tail, to be in high or low spirits;
    11) with preps.:
    bera af e-m, to surpass;
    en þó bar Bolli af, surpassed all the rest;
    bera af sér högg, lag to ward off, parry a blow or thrust;
    bera eld at, to set fire to;
    bera fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one;
    bera á or í, to smear, anoint (bera vatn í augu sér, bera tjöru í höfuð sér);
    bera e-t til, to apply to, to try if it fits (bera til hvern lykil af öðrum at portinu);
    bera e-t um, to wind round;
    þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body;
    bera um með e-n, to bear with, have patience with;
    bera út barn, to expose a child;
    12) refl., berast mikit (lítit) á, to bear oneself proudly (humbly);
    láta af berast, to die;
    láta fyrir berast e-s staðar, to stay, remain in a place (for shelter);
    berast e-t fyrir, to design a thing (barst hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur);
    at njósna um, hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about;
    berast vápn á, to attack one another;
    berast at or til, to happen;
    þat barst at (happened) á einhverju sumri;
    ef svá harðliga kann til at berast, if that misfortune does happen;
    berast í móti, to happen, occur;
    hefir þetta vel í móti borizt, it is a happy coincidence;
    berast við, to be prevented;
    ok nú lét almáttugr guð við berast kirkjubrunann, prevented, stopped the burning of the church;
    II. impers., denoting a sort of passive or involuntary motion;
    alla berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end);
    bar hann (acc.) þá ofan gegnt Ösuri, he happened to come down just opposite to Ö.;
    esp. of ships and sailors; berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eða annarra landa, we drift to Iceland or other countries;
    þá (acc.) bar suðr í haf, they were carried out southwards;
    Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, S. came suddenly upon them;
    ef hann (acc.) skyldi bera þar at, if he should happen to come there;
    e-n berr yfir, one is borne onwards, of a bird flying, a man riding;
    hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, it passed quickly (of a flying meteor);
    2) followed by preps.:
    Gunnar sér, at rauðan kyrtil bar við glugginn, that a red kirtle passed before the window;
    hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, there was nowhere a shadow;
    e-t berr fram (hátt), is prominent;
    Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingu ok bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, stood out conspicuously;
    e-t berr á milli, comes between;
    leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect;
    fig. e-m berr e-t á milli, they are at variance about a thing;
    mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, many things come now before my eyes;
    veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m, game falls to one’s lot;
    e-t berr undan, goes amiss, fails;
    bera saman, to coincide;
    bar nöfn þeirra saman, they had the same name;
    fig., with dat.; bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the stories agreed well together;
    fund várn bar saman, we met;
    3) bera at, til, við, at hendi, til handa, to befall, happen, with dat. of the person;
    svá bar at einn vetr, it happened one winter;
    þó at þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, has befallen us;
    bar honum svá til, it so befell him;
    þat bar við (it so happened), at Högni kom;
    raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by fact;
    4) of time, to fall upon;
    ef þing (acc.) berr á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls in the holy week;
    bera í móti, to coincide, happen exactly at the same time;
    5) denoting cause;
    e-t berr til, causes a thing;
    konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief;
    ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason;
    berr e-m nauðsyn til e-s, one is obliged to do a thing;
    6) e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot;
    hon á arf at taka, þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn;
    e-t berr frá, is surpassing;
    er sagt, at þat (acc.) bæri frá, hvé vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they spoke;
    7) e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden;
    e-t berr stóru, stórum (stœrrum), it amounts to much (more), it matters a great deal (more), it is of great (greater) importance;
    8) absol. or with an adv., vel, illa, with infin.;
    e-m berr (vel, illa) at gera e-t, it becomes, beseems one (well, ill) to do a thing (berr yðr vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli);
    used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, or unbeseeming, improper, unfit (þat þykkir eigi illa bera, at).
    (að), v. to make bare (hon beraði likam sinn).
    * * *
    1.
    u, f.
    I. [björn], a she-bear, Lat. ursa; the primitive root ‘ber’ remains only in this word (cp. berserkr and berfjall), björn (q. v.) being the masc. in use, Landn. 176, Fas. i. 367, Vkv. 9: in many Icel. local names, Beru-fjörðr, -vík, from Polar bears; fem. names, Bera, Hallbera, etc., Landn.
    II. a shield, poët., the proverb, baugr er á beru sæmstr, to a shield fits best a baugr (q. v.), Lex. Poët., Edda (Gl.); hence names of poems Beru-drápa, Eg.
    2.
    bar, báru, borit, pres. berr,—poët. forms with the suffixed negative; 3rd pers. sing. pres. Indic. berrat, Hm. 10; 3rd pers. sing. pret. barat, Vellekla; 1st pers. sing. barkak, Eb. 62 (in a verse); barkat ek, Hs. 8; 2nd pers. sing. bartattu; 3rd pers. pl. bárut, etc., v. Lex. Poët. [Gr. φέρειν; Lat. ferre; Ulf. bairan; A. S. beran; Germ. gebären; Engl. bear; Swed. bära; Dan. bære].
    A. Lat. ferre, portare:
    I. prop. with a sense of motion, to bear, carry, by means of the body, of animals, of vehicles, etc., with acc., Egil tók mjöðdrekku eina mikla, ok bar undir hendi sér, Eg. 237; bar hann heim hrís, Rm. 9; konungr lét bera inn kistur tvær, báru tveir menn hverja, Eg. 310; bera farm af skipi, to unload a ship, Ld. 32; bera (farm) á skip, to load a ship, Nj. 182; tóku alla ösku ok báru á á ( amnem) út, 623, 36; ok bar þat ( carried it) í kerald, 43, K. Þ. K. 92; b. mat á borð, í stofu, to put the meat on table, in the oven; b. mat af borði, to take it off table, Eb. 36, 266, Nj. 75, Fms. ix. 219, etc.
    2. Lat. gestare, ferre, denoting to wear clothes, to carry weapons; skikkja dýr er konungr hafði borit, Eg. 318; b. kórónu, to wear the crown, Fms. x. 16; atgeir, Nj. 119; vápn, 209: metaph., b. ægishjálm, to inspire fear and awe; b. merki, to carry the flag in a battle, Nj. 274, Orkn. 28, 30, 38, Fms. v. 64, vi. 413; bera fram merki, to advance, move in a battle, vi. 406.
    3. b. e-t á hesti (áburðr), to carry on horseback; Auðunn bar mat á hesti, Grett. 107; ok bar hrís á hesti, 76 new Ed.; þeir báru á sjau hestum, 98 new Ed.
    II. without a sense of motion:
    1. to give birth to; [the root of barn, bairn; byrja, incipere; burðr, partus; and burr, filius: cp. Lat. parĕre; also Gr. φέρειν, Lat. ferre, of child-bearing.] In Icel. prose, old as well as mod., ‘ala’ and ‘fæða’ are used of women; but ‘bera,’ of cows and sheep; hence sauðburðr, casting of lambs, kýrburðr; a cow is snembær, siðbær, Jólabær, calves early, late, at Yule time, etc.; var ekki ván at hon ( the cow) mundi b. fyr en um várit, Bs. i. 193, 194; kýr hafði borit kálf, Bjarn. 32; bar hvárrtveggi sauðrinn sinn burð, Stj. 178: the participle borinn is used of men in a great many compds in a general sense, aptrborinn, árborinn, endrborinn, frjálsborinn, goðborinn, höldborinn, hersborinn, konungborinn, óðalborinn, samborinn, sundrborinn, velborinn, úborinn, þrælborinn, etc.; also out of compds, mun ek eigi upp gefa þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, … entitled to by inheritance, Ld. 102; hann hafði blindr verit borinn, born blind, Nj. 152, Hdl. 34, 42, Vsp. 2: esp. borinn e-m, born of one, Rm. 39, Hdl. 12, 23, 27, Hðm. 2, Gs. 9, Vþm. 25, Stor. 16, Vkv. 15; borinn frá e-m, Hdl. 24: the other tenses are in theol. Prose used of Christ, hans blezaða son er virðist at láta berast hingað í heim af sinni blezaðri móður, Fms. i. 281; otherwise only in poetry, eina dóttur (acc.) berr álfröðull (viz. the sun, regarded as the mother), Vþm. 47; hann Gjálp um bar, hann Greip um bar …, Hdl. 36: borit (sup.), Hkv. 1. 1.
    β. of trees, flowers; b. ávöxt, blóm …, to bear fruit, flower … (freq.); bar aldinviðrinn tvennan blóma, Fms. ix. 265; cp. the phrase, bera sitt barr, v. barr.
    2. denoting to load, with acc. of the person and dat. of the thing:
    α. in prop. sense; hann hafði borit sik mjök vápnum, he had loaded himself with arms, i. e. wore heavy armour, Sturl. iii. 250.
    β. but mostly in a metaph. sense; b. e-n ofrafli, ofrmagni, ofrliði, ofríki, magni, to bear one down, to overcome, oppress one, by odds or superior force, Grág. i. 101, ii. 195, Nj. 80, Hkr. ii. 371, Gþl. 474, Stj. 512, Fms. iii. 175 (in the last passage a dat. pers. badly); b. e-n ráðum, to overrule one, Nj. 198, Ld. 296; b. e-n málum, to bearhim down (wrongfully) in a lawsuit, Nj. 151; b. e-n bjóri, to make drunk, Vkv. 26: medic., borinn verkjum, sótt, Bjarn. 68, Og. 5; bölvi, Gg. 2: borne down, feeling heavy pains; þess er borin ván, no hope, all hope is gone, Ld. 250; borinn sök, charged with a cause, Fms. v. 324, H. E. i. 561; bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise, Fms. iv. 111; b. fé, gull á e-n, to bring one a fee, gold, i. e. to bribe one, Nj. 62; borinn baugum, bribed, Alvm. 5; always in a bad sense, cp. the law phrase, b. fé í dóm, to bribe a court, Grág., Nj. 240.
    3. to bear, support, sustain, Lat. sustinere, lolerare, ferre:
    α. properly, of a ship, horse, vehicle, to bear, be capable of bearing; þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, all that they could carry, Eb. 302;—a ship ‘berr’ ( carries) such and such a weight; but ‘tekr’ ( takes) denotes a measure of fluids.
    β. metaph. to sustain, support; dreif þannig svá mikill mannfjöldi at landit fékk eigi borit, Hkr. i. 56; but metaph. to bear up against, endure, support grief, sorrow, etc., sýndist öllum at Guð hefði nær ætlað hvat hann mundi b. mega, Bs. i. 139; biðr hann friðar ok þykist ekki mega b. reiði hans, Fms. iii. 80: the phrase, b. harm sinn í hljóði, to suffer silently; b. svívirðing, x. 333: absol., þótti honum mikit víg Kjartans, en þó bar hann drengilega, he bore it manfully, Ld. 226; er þat úvizka, at b. eigi slíkt, not to bear or put up with, Glúm. 327; b. harm, to grieve, Fms. xi. 425: in the phrases, b. sik, b. af sér, berask, berask vel (illa, lítt), to bear oneself, to bear up against misfortune; Guðrúnu þótti mikit fráfall Þorkels, en þó bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore her bravely up, Ld. 326–328; lézt hafa spurt at ekkjan bæri vel af sér harmana, Eb. 88; berask af; hversu bersk Auðr af um bróðurdauðann? (how does she bear it?); hón bersk af lítt ( she is much borne down) ok þykir mikit, Gísl. 24; niun oss vandara gört en öðrum at vér berim oss vel (Lat. fortiter ferre), Nj. 197; engi maðr hefði þar jamvel borit sik, none bad borne himself so boldly, Sturl. iii. 132; b. sik vel upp, to bear well up against, bear a stout heart, Hrafn. 17; b. sik beiskliga ( sorely), Stj. 143; b. sik lítt, to be downcast, Fms. ii. 61; b. sik at göra e-t, to do one’s best, try a thing.
    III. in law terms or modes of procedure:
    1. bera járn, the ordeal of bearing hot iron in the hand, cp. járnburðr, skírsla. This custom was introduced into Scandinavia together with Christianity from Germany and England, and superseded the old heathen ordeals ‘hólmganga,’ and ‘ganga undir jarðarmen,’ v. this word. In Norway, during the civil wars, it was esp. used in proof of paternity of the various pretenders to the crown, Fms. vii. 164, 200, ix. Hák. S. ch. 14, 41–45, viii. (Sverr. S.) ch. 150, xi. (Jómsv. S.) ch. 11, Grett. ch. 41, cp. N. G. L. i. 145, 389. Trial by ordeal was abolished in Norway A. D. 1247. In Icel. It was very rarely mentioned, vide however Lv. ch. 23 (paternity), twice or thrice in the Sturl. i. 56, 65, 147, and Grág. i. 341, 361; it seems to have been very seldom used there, (the passage in Grett. S. l. c. refers to Norway.)
    2. bera út (hence útburðr, q. v.), to expose children; on this heathen custom, vide Grimm R. A. In heathen Icel., as in other parts of heathen Scandinavia, it was a lawful act, but seldom exercised; the chief passages on record are, Gunnl. S. ch. 3 (ok þat var þá siðvandi nokkurr, er land var allt alheiðit, at þeir menn er félitlir vórn, en stóð ómegð mjök til handa létu út bera börn sín, ok þótti þó illa gört ávalt), Fs. Vd. ch. 37, Harð. S. ch. 8, Rd. ch. 7, Landn. v. ch. 6, Finnb. ch. 2, Þorst. Uxaf. ch. 4, Hervar. S. ch. 4, Fas. i. 547 (a romance); cp. Jómsv. S. ch. 1. On the introduction of Christianity into Icel. A. D. 1000, it was resolved that, in regard to eating of horse-flesh and exposure of children, the old laws should remain in force, Íb. ch. 9; as Grimm remarks, the exposure must take place immediately after birth, before the child had tasted food of any kind whatever, and before it was besprinkled with water (ausa vatni) or shown to the father, who had to fix its name; exposure, after any of these acts, was murder, cp. the story of Liafburga told by Grimm R. A.); v. Also a Latin essay at the end of the Gunnl. S. (Ed. 1775). The Christian Jus Eccl. put an end to this heathen barbarism by stating at its very beginning, ala skal barn hvert er borit verðr, i. e. all children, if not of monstrous shape, shall be brought up, N. G. L. i. 339, 363.
    β. b. út (now more usual, hefja út, Am. 100), to carry out for burial; vera erfðr ok tit borinn, Odd. 20; var hann heygðr, ok út borinn at fornum sið, Fb. i. 123; b. á bál, to place (the body and treasures) upon the pile, the mode of burying in the old heathen time, Fas. i. 487 (in a verse); var hon borin á bálit ok slegit í eldi, Edda 38.
    B. Various and metaph. cases.
    I. denoting motion:
    1. ‘bera’ is in the Grág. the standing law term for delivery of a verdict by a jury (búar), either ‘bera’ absol. or adding kvið ( verdict); bera á e-n, or b. kvið á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty; bera af e-m, or b. af e-m kviðinn, to give a verdict for; or generally, bera, or b. um e-t, to give a verdict in a case; bera, or b. vitni, vætti, also simply means to testify, to witness, Nj. 111, cp. kviðburðr ( delivering of verdict), vitnisburðr ( bearing witness), Grág. ii. 28; eigi eigu búar ( jurors) enn at b. um þat hvat lög eru á landi hér, the jurors have not to give verdict in (to decide) what is law in the country, cp. the Engl. maxim, that jurors have only to decide the question of evidence, not of law, Grág. (Kb.) ch. 85; eigi eru búar skildir at b. um hvatvetna; um engi mál eigu þeir at skilja, þau er erlendis ( abroad) hafa görzt, id.; the form in delivering the verdict—höfum vér ( the jurors), orðit á eitt sáttir, berum á kviðburðinn, berum hann sannan at sökinni, Nj. 238, Grág. i. 49, 22, 138, etc.; í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn, id.; b. annattveggja af eðr á; b. undan, to discharge, Nj. 135; b. kvið í hag ( for), Grág. i. 55; b. lýsingar vætti, Nj. 87; b. vitni ok vætti, 28, 43, 44; b. ljúgvitni, to bear false witness, Grág. i. 28; b. orð, to bear witness to a speech, 43; bera frændsemi sundr, to prove that they are not relations, N. G. L. i. 147: reflex., berask ór vætti, to prove that oneself is wrongly summoned to bear witness or to give a verdict, 44: berask in a pass. sense, to be proved by evidence, ef vanefni b. þess manns er á hönd var lýst, Grág. i. 257; nema jafnmæli berisk, 229; þótt þér berisk þat faðerni er þú segir, Fms. vii. 164; hann kvaðst ætla, at honum mundi berask, that he would be able to get evidence for, Fs. 46.
    β. gener. and not as a law term; b. á, b. á hendr, to charge; b. e-n undan, to discharge, Fs. 95; eigi erum vér þessa valdir er þú berr á oss, Nj. 238, Ld. 206, Fms. iv. 380, xi. 251, Th. 78; b. e-m á brýnn, to throw in one’s face, to accuse, Greg. 51; b. af sér, to deny; eigi mun ek af mér b., at… ( non diffitebor), Nj. 271; b. e-m gott vitni, to give one a good…, 11; b. e-m vel (illa) söguna, to bear favourable (unfavourable) witness of one, 271.
    2. to bear by word of mouth, report, tell, Lat. referre; either absol. or adding kveðju, orð, orðsending, eyrindi, boð, sögu, njósn, frétt…, or by adding a prep., b. fram, frá, upp, fyrir; b. kveðju, to bring a greeting, compliment, Eg. 127; b. erindi (sín) fyrir e-n, to plead one’s case before one, or to tell one’s errand, 472, 473; b. njósn, to apprise, Nj. 131; b. fram, to deliver (a speech), talaði jungherra Magnús hit fyrsta erindi (M. made his first speech in public), ok fanst mönnum mikit um hversu úbernsliga fram var borit, Fms. x. 53; (in mod. usage, b. fram denotes gramm. to pronounce, hence ‘framburðr,’ pronunciation); mun ek þat nú fram b., I shall now tell, produce it, Ld. 256, Eg. 37; b. frá, to attest, relate with emphasis; má þat frá b., Dropl. 21; b. upp, to produce, mention, tell, þótt slík lygi sé upp borin fyrir hann, though such a lie be told him, Eg. 59; þær (viz. charges) urðu engar upp bornar ( produced) við Rút, Nj. 11; berr Sigtryggr þegar upp erindi sín (cp. Germ. ojfenbaren), 271, Ld. 256; b. upp gátu, to give (propound) a riddle, Stj. 411, Fas. i. 464; b. fyrir, to plead as an excuse; b. saman ráð sín, or the like, to consult, Nj. 91; eyddist þat ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed, Post. 656 A. ii; b. til skripta, to confess (eccl.), of auricular confession, Hom. 124, 655 xx.
    II. in a metaphorical or circumlocutory sense, and without any sense of motion, to keep, hold, bear, of a title; b. nafn, to bear a name, esp. as honour or distinction; tignar nafn, haulds nafn, jarls nafn, lends manns nafn, konungs nafn, bónda nafn, Fms. i. 17, vi. 278, xi. 44, Gþl. 106: in a more metaph. sense, denoting endowments, luck, disposition, or the like, b. (ekki) gæfu, hamingju, auðnu til e-s, to enjoy (enjoy not) good or bad luck, etc.; at Þórólfr mundi eigi allsendis gæfu til b. um vináttu við Harald, Eg. 75, 112, 473, Fms. iv. 164, i. 218; úhamingju, 219; b. vit, skyn, kunnáttu á (yfir) e-t, to bring wit, knowledge, etc., to bear upon a thing, xi. 438, Band. 7; hence vel (illa) viti borinn, well (ill) endowed with wit, Eg. 51; vel hyggjandi borinn, well endowed with reason, Grág. ii; b. hug, traust, áræði, þor, til e-s, to have courage, confidenceto do a thing, Gullþ. 47, Fms. ix. 220, Band. 7; b. áhyggju, önn fyrir, to care, be concerned about, Fms. x. 318; b. ást, elsku til e-s, to bear affection, love to one; b. hatr, to hate: b. svört augu, to have dark eyes, poët., Korm. (in a verse); b. snart hjarta, Hom. 5; vant er þat af sjá hvar hvergi berr hjarta sitt, where he keeps his heart, Orkn. 474; b. gott hjarta, to bear a proud heart, Lex. Poët., etc. etc.; b. skyndi at um e-t, to make speed with a thing, Lat. festinare, Fms. viii. 57.
    2. with some sense of motion, to bear off or away, carry off, gain, in such phrases as, b. sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in …; hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orrustum, er frægstar hafa verit, he had borne off the victory in two battles, Fms. xi. 186; bera banaorð af e-m, to slay one in a fight, to be the victor; Þorr berr banaorð af Miðgarðsormi, Edda 42, Fms. x. 400: it seems properly to mean, to bear off the fame of having killed a man; verðat svá rík sköp, at Regin skyli mitt banorð bera, Fm. 39; b. hærra, lægra hlut, ‘to bear off the higher or the lower lot,’ i. e. to get the best or the worst of it, or the metaphor is taken from a sortilege, Fms. ii. 268, i. 59, vi. 412; b. efra, hærra skjöld, to carry the highest shield, to get the victory, x. 394, Lex. Poët.; b. hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), i. e. to be in high or low spirits, Nj. 91; but also, b. halann bratt (lágt), to cock up or let fall the tail (metaph. from cattle), to be in an exultant or low mood: sundry phrases, as, b. bein, to rest the bones, be buried; far þú til Íslands, þar mun þér auðið verða beinin at b., Grett. 91 A; en þó hygg ek at þú munir hér b. beinin í Norðrálfunni, Orkn. 142; b. fyrir borð, to throw overboard, metaph. to oppress; verðr Þórhalli nú fyrir borð borinn, Th. was defied, set at naught, Fær. 234; b. brjóst fyrir e-m, to be the breast-shield, protection of one, Fms. vii. 263: also, b. hönd fyrir höfuð sér, metaph. to put one’s hand before one’s head, i. e. to defend oneself; b. ægishjálm yfir e-m, to keep one in awe and submission, Fm. 16, vide A. I. 2.
    III. connected with prepp., b. af, and (rarely) yfir (cp. afburðr, yfirburðr), to excel, surpass; eigi sá hvárttveggja féit er af öðrum berr, who gets the best of it, Nj. 15; en þó bar Bolli af, B. surpassed all the rest, Ld. 330; þat mannval bar eigi minnr af öðrum mönnum um fríðleik, afi ok fræknleik, en Ormrinn Langi af öðrum skipum, Fms. ii. 252; at hinn útlendi skal yfir b. ( outdo) þann sem Enskir kalla meistara, xi. 431: b. til, to apply, try if it fits; en er þeir báru til (viz. shoes to the hoof of a horse), þá var sem hæfði hestinum, ix. 55; bera til hvern lykil at öðrum at portinu, Thom. 141; b. e-t við, to try it on (hence viðburðr, experiment, effort): b. um, to wind round, as a cable round a pole or the like, Nj. 115; þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body, Fms. ix. 219; ‘b. e-t undir e-n’ is to consult one, ellipt., b. undir dóm e-s; ‘b. e-t fyrir’ is to feign, use as excuse: b. á, í, to smear, anoint; b. vatn í augu sér, Rb. 354; b. tjöru í höfuð sér, Nj. 181, Hom. 70, 73, cp. áburðr; b. gull, silfr, á, to ornament with gold or silver, Ld. 114, Finnb. 258: is now also used = to dung, b. á völl; b. vápn á e-n, to attack one with sharp weapons, Eg. 583, Fms. xi. 334: b. eld at, to set fire to, Nj. 122; b. fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one, Fms. x. 172, Hm. 150: metaph. reflex., bönd berask at e-m, a law term, the evidence bears against one; b. af sér, to parry off; Gyrðr berr af sér lagit, G. parries the thrust off, Fms. x. 421; cp. A. II. 3. β.
    IV. reflex., berask mikit á (cp. áburðr), to bear oneself proudly, or b. lítið á, to bear oneself humbly; hann var hinn kátasti ok barst á mikit, Fms. ii. 68, viii. 219, Eb. 258; b. lítið á, Clem. 35; láta af berask, to die; Óttarr vill skipa til um fjárfar sitt áðr hann láti af b., Fms. ii. 12: berask fyrir, to abide in a place as an asylum, seek shelter; hér munu vit láta fyrir b., Fas. iii. 471; berask e-t fyrir, to design a thing, be busy about, barsk hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur, Greg. 53; at njósna um hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about, Fms. iv. 184, Vígl. 19.
    β. recipr. in the phrase, berask banaspjót eptir, to seek for one another’s life, Glúm. 354: b. vápn á, of a mutual attack with sharp weapons, Fms. viii. 53.
    γ. pass., sár berask á e-n, of one in the heat of battle beginning to get wounds and give way, Nj.:—berask við, to be prevented, not to do; ok nú lét Almáttugr Guð við berast kirkjubrunnann, stopped, prevented the burning of the church, Fms. v. 144; en mér þætti gott ef við bærist, svá at hón kæmi eigi til þín, vi. 210, vii. 219; ok var þá búit at hann mundi þegar láta hamarinn skjanna honum, en hann lét þat við berask, he bethought himself and did not, Edda 35; því at mönnum þótti sem þannig mundi helzt úhæfa við berask, that mischief would thus be best prevented, Sturl. ii. 6, iii. 80.
    C. IMPERS.:—with a sort of passive sense, both in a loc. and temp. sense, and gener. denotes an involuntary, passive motion, happening suddenly or by chance:
    I. with acc. it bears or carries one to a place, i. e. one happens to come; the proverb, alla (acc.) berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end), Lat. omnes una manet nox; bar hann þá ofan gegnt Özuri, he happened to come in his course just opposite to Ö., Lat. delatus est, Dropl. 25: esp. of ships or sailors; nú berr svá til ( happens) herra, at vér komum eigi fram ferðinni, berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eðr annara landa, it bore us to I., i. e. if we drive or drift thither, Fms. iv. 176; þá (acc. pl.) bar suðr í haf, they drifted southwards, Nj. 124.
    β. as a cricketing term, in the phrase, berr (bar) út knöttinn, the ball rolls out, Gísl. 26, cp. p. 110 where it is transit.; berr Gísli ok út knöttinn, vide Vígl. ch. 11, Grett. ch. 17, Vd. ch. 37, Hallfr. S. ch. 2.
    γ. Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, Sk. came suddenly upon them, Nj. 144; bar at Hróaldi þegar allan skjöldinn, the shield was dashed against H.’s body, 198; ok skyldu sæta honum, ef hann (acc.) bæri þar at, if he should per chance come, shew himself there, Orkn. 406; e-n berr yfir, it bears one, i. e. one is borne onwards, as a bird flying, a man riding; þóttist vita, at hann (acc.) mundi fljótara yfir bera ef hann riði en gengi, that he would get on more fleetly riding than walking, Hrafn. 7; hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, he passed quickly, of a flying meteor, Nj. 194; e-n berr undan, escapes.
    2. also with acc. followed by prepp. við, saman, jafnframt, hjá, of bodies coinciding or covering one another: loc., er jafnframt ber jaðrana tungls ok sólar, if the orb of the moon and sun cover each other, Rb. 34; þat kann vera stundum, at tunglit (acc.) berr jafht á millum vár ok sólar (i. e. in a moon eclipse), 108; ber nokkut jaðar (acc.) þess hjá sólar jaðri, 34; Gunnarr sér at rauðan kyrtil (acc.) bar við glugginn, G. sees that a red kirtle passed before the window, Nj. 114; bar fyrir utan þat skip vápnaburð (acc.) heiðingja (gen. pl.), the missiles of the heathens passed over the ship without hurting them, flew too high, Fms. vii. 232; hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, nowhere a shadow, all bright, Nj. 118; þangat sem helzt mátti nokkut yfir þá skugga bera af skóginum, where they were shadowed (hidden) by the trees, Fms. x. 239; e-t berr fram (hátt), a body is prominent, Lat. eminet; Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingunni, bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, king O. stood out conspicuously, ii. 308; b. yfir, þótti mjök bera hljóð (acc.) þar yfir er Ólafr sat, the sound was heard over there where O. sat, Sturl. i. 21; b. á milli, something comes between; leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect, Nj. 263: metaph., e-m berr e-t á milli, they come to dissent, 13, v. 1.; b. fyrir augu (hence fyrirburðr, vision), of a vision or the like; mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, ek sé …, many things come now before my eyes, 104; hann mundi allt þat er fyrir hann hafði borit, i. e. all the dream, 195; eina nótt berr fyrir hann í svefni mikla sýn, Fms. i. 137, Rd. 290; veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m (a metaphor from hunting), sport falls to one’s lot; hér bæri veiði í hendr nú, here would be a game, Nj. 252; e-t berr undan (a metaphor from fishing, hunting term), when one misses one’s opportunity; vel væri þá … at þá veiði (acc.) bæri eigi undan, that this game should not go amiss, 69; en ef þetta (acc.) berr undan, if this breaks down, 63; hon bað hann þá drepa einhvern manna hans, heldr en allt (acc.) bæri undan, rather than that all should go amiss, Eg. 258: absol., þyki mér illa, ef undan berr, if I miss it, Nj. 155; viljum vér ekki at undan beri at…, we will by no means miss it…, Fms. viii. 309, v. 1. The passage Bs. i. 416 (en fjárhlutr sá er átt hafði Ari, bar undan Guðmundi) is hardly correct, fjárhlut þann would run better, cp. bera undir, as a law term, below.
    II. adding prepp.; b. við, at, til, at hendi, at móti, til handa …, to befall, happen, Lat. accidere, occurrere, with dat. of the person, (v. atburðr, viðburðr, tilburðr); engi hlut skyldi þann at b., no such thing should happen as…, Fms. xi. 76; svá bar at einn vetr, it befell, x. 201; þat hefir nú víst at hendi borit, er…, Nj. 174; þó þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, Eg. 7; b. til handa, id., Sks. 327; bar honum svá til, so it befell him, Fms. xi. 425; at honum bæri engan váðaligan hlut til á veginum, that nothing dangerous should befall him on the way, Stj. 212; bæri þat þá svá við, at hann ryfi, it then perchance might happen, that …, 102; þat bar við at Högni kom, 169, 172, 82; raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by the fact, event, Fms. ix. 474, x. 185.
    2. temp., e-t berr á, it happens to fall on …; ef þing (acc.) ber á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls on the holy week (Whitsun), Grág. i. 106; ef Crucis messu (acc.) berr á Drottins dag, Rb. 44; berr hana (viz. Petrs messu, June 29) aldrei svá optarr á öldinni, 78; þat er nú berr oss næst, what has occurred of late, Sturl. iii. 182: b. í móti, to happen exactly at a time; þetta (acc.) bar í móti at þenna sama dag andaðist Brandr biskup, Bs. i. 468; b. saman, id.; bar þat saman, at pá var Gunnarr at segja brennusöguna, just when G. was about telling the story, Nj. 269.
    3. metaph. of agreement or separation; en þat (acc.) þykir mjök saman b. ok þessi frásögn, Fms. x. 276: with dat., bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the records agreed well together, Nj. 100, v. l.; berr nú enn í sundr með þeim, Bjarna ok Þorkatli at sinni, B. and Th. missed each other, Vápn. 25.
    4. denoting cause; e-t (acc.) berr til …, causes a thing; ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason, Nj. 75; at þat beri til skilnaðar okkars, that this will make us to part (divorce), 261; konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief? Fms. vi. 355; þat berr til tunglhlaups, Rb. 32.
    β. meiri ván at brátt beri þat (acc.) til bóta, at herviliga steypi hans ríki, i. e. there will soon come help (revenge), Fms. x. 264; fjórir eru þeir hlutir er menn (acc.) berr í ætt á landi hér, there are four cases under which people may be adopted, Grág. i. 361.
    γ. e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot; hon á arf at taka þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn, 179; mikla erfð (acc.) bar undir hana, Mar. (Fr.); berr yfir, of surpassing, Bs. ii. 121, 158; b. frá, id. (fráburðr); herðimikill svá at þat (acc.) bar frá því sem aðrir menn, Eg. 305; er sagt, at þat bæri frá hve vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they did speak, Jb. 11; bar þat mest frá hversu illa hann var limaðr, but above all, how…, Ó. H. 74.
    5. with adverbial nouns in a dat. form; e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden; berr þetta (acc.) nú allbráðum, Fms. xi. 139; cp. vera bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise (above); berr stórum, stærrum, it matters a great deal; ætla ek stærrum b. hin lagabrotin (acc.), they are much more important, matter more, vii. 305; var þat góðr kostr, svá at stórum bar, xi. 50; hefir oss orðit svá mikil vanhyggja, at stóru berr, an enormous blunder, Gísl. 51; svá langa leið, at stóru bar, Fas. i. 116; þat berr stórum, hversu mér þóknast vel þeirra athæfi, it amounts to a great deal, my liking their service, i. e. I do greatly like, Fms. ii. 37; eigi berr þat allsmám hversu vel mér líkar, in no small degree do I like, x. 296.
    β. with dat., it is fitting, becoming; svá mikit sem landeiganda (dat.) berr til at hafa eptir lögum, what he is legally entitled to, Dipl. iii. 10; berr til handa, it falls to one’s lot, v. above, Grág. i. 93.
    III. answering to Lat. oportet, absolutely or with an adverb, vel, illa, with infinit.; e-m berr, it beseems, becomes one; berr þat ekki né stendr þvílíkum höfuðfeðr, at falsa, Stj. 132; berr yðr (dat.) vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli, Fms. ix. 326; sagði, at þat bar eigi Kristnum mönnum, at særa Guð, x. 22; þá siðu at mér beri vel, Sks. 353 B: used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, unbeseeming, unfit, improper; athæfi þat er vel beri fyrir konungs augliti, 282; þat þykir ok eigi illa bera, at maðr hafi svart skinn til hosna, i. e. it suits pretty well, 301: in case of a pers. pron. in acc. or dat. being added, the sentence becomes personal in order to avoid doubling the impers. sentence, e. g. e-m berr skylda (not skyldu) til, one is bound by duty; veit ek eigi hver skylda (nom.) yðr (acc.) ber til þess at láta jarl einn ráða, Fms. i. 52: also leaving the dat. out, skylda berr til at vera forsjámaðr með honum, vii. 280; eigi berr hér til úviska mín, it is not that I am not knowing, Nj. 135.
    IV. when the reflex. inflexion is added to the verb, the noun loses its impers. character and is turned from acc. into nom., e. g. þar (þat?) mun hugrinn minn mest hafa fyrir borizt, this is what I suspected, fancied, Lv. 34; cp. hugarburðr, fancy, and e-t berr fyrir e-n (above, C. I. 2); hefir þetta (nom.) vel í móti borizt, a happy coincidence, Nj. 104; ef svá harðliga kann til at berask, if the misfortunes do happen, Gþl. 55; barsk sú úhamingja (nom.) til á Íslandi, that mischief happened (no doubt the passage is thus to be emended), Bs. i. 78, but bar þá úhamingju …; þat (nom.) barsk at, happened, Fms. x. 253; fundir várir (nom.) hafa at borizt nokkurum sinnum, vii. 256; þat barsk at á einhverju sumri, Eg. 154; bærist at um síðir at allr þingheimrinn berðist, 765, cp. berast við, berask fyrir above (B. V.): berast, absol., means to be shaken, knocked about; var þess ván, at fylkingar mundu berast í hergöngunni, that they would be brought into some confusion, Fms. v. 74; Hrólfr gékk at ramliga, ok barst Atli (was shaken, gave away) fyrir orku sakir, þar til er hann féll. Fas. iii. 253; barst Jökull allr fyrir orku sakir (of two wrestling), Ísl. ii. 467, Fms. iii. 189: vide B. IV.
    D. In mod. usage the strong bera—bar is also used in impersonal phrases, denoting to let a thing be seen, shew, but almost always with a negative preceding, e. g. ekki bar (ber) á því, it could ( can) not be seen; að á engu bæri, láta ekki á bera ( to keep tight), etc. All these phrases are no doubt alterations from the weak verb bera, að, nudare, and never occur in old writers; we have not met with any instance previous to the Reformation; the use is certainly of late date, and affords a rare instance of weak verbs turning into strong; the reverse is more freq. the case.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > BERA

  • 13 ownership

    •• * Из многочисленных слов семантического поля, к которому относится это слово, ownership является, пожалуй, самым широким и сложным по значению. Глагол to own обозначает собственность как возможность контролировать, распоряжаться чем-то. Отсюда, например, употребление этого слова в идущей в США дискуссии о частичной приватизации пенсионной системы (у нас это уже сделали без всякой дискуссии). Пример – из комментария пресс-секретаря Белого дома о разосланных по электронной почте тезисах по проблеме будущего американской пенсионной системы:

    •• White House spokesman Scott McClellan said the e-mail was sent Monday to opinion leaders to lay outthe challenges we face and the importance of seizing this opportunity to strengthen Social Security for our children and grandchildren and provide them with some ownership over their retirement savings.-...дать нашим детям и внукам возможность контролировать часть своих пенсионных накоплений.
    •• Можно, наверное, сказать быть собственниками части своих пенсионных накоплений, но тогда может возникнуть вопрос – а разве человек не является фактическим собственником той части пенсионных накоплений, которая находится в государственном пенсионном фонде?
    •• Далее в «январских тезисах» – ownership society:
    •• “At the end of the day, we want to promote both an ownership society and advance the idea of limited government,” the e-mail said.
    •• Здесь значения собственность, ответственность и контроль настолько слитны, что выбрать вариант перевода для словаря не так просто. В данном контексте я предпочел бы не общество собственников, а общество личной ответственности или даже общество самостоятельных людей.
    •• Большие трудности вызывает словосочетание country ownership, широко употребляемое в международных организациях, например, в таком контексте: efforts to encourage country ownership of programs and projects. Когда один из участников переводческого форума задал вопрос о переводе этого словосочетания, последовала немедленная реакция: «Похоже, международные бюрократы опять породили какую-то абстрактную химеру. Раньше все говорили про empowerment, тоже кстати трудно переводимый». Однако это выражение встречается не только у «международных бюрократов». Конечно, все что угодно выглядит плохо при неправильном или неумеренном употреблении. Но сейчас слово ownership в модном или близком к нему значении используется и очень хорошими публицистами. Вот пример из статьи одного из лучших, обозревателя газеты International Herald Tribune Уильяма Пфаффа:
    •• If in the Security Council, the Bush administration refuses even a symbolic transfer of sovereignty to the Iraqis ( as demanded by Old Europe), and refuses to cede any political authority over the occupation to the UN, Washington will continue to enjoy exclusive ownership of this problem – with all of its risks and its current $87 billion-plus cost to the American taxpayer.
    •• Здесь, как и во многих других случаях употребления этого слова, наиболее подходящий вариант перевода – ответственность:
    •• <...> Вашингтон будет и впредь нести исключительную ответственность за эту проблему со всеми ее рискованными последствиями и ценой свыше 87 миллиардов долларов, которую заплатит американский налогоплательщик.
    •• Сам же термин появился лет пять-семь назад в связи с деятельностью ПРООН. Речь идет о том, что страны, в которых осуществляются программы или проекты ООН, не должны выступать лишь в роли получателя помощи, а должны иметь реальную возможность влиять на ход работы. Кроме вариантов ответственность стран/ национальная ответственность, переводчиками ООН предлагались также заинтересованное/деятельное участие стран, искренняя заинтересованность стран, причастность и т. д.
    •• Примеры употребления этого слова наводят на мысль о том, что мода на него связана с некоторой лакуной в английском языке: отсутствием дифференциации в слове independence – это и независимость (прежде всего политическая), и самостоятельность. Такая недифференцированность заставляет пишущих искать другие слова. Во многих случаях контекстуальные варианты со словами самостоятельно, самостоятельность могут подойти в переводе. Пример из статьи в Los Angeles Times:
    •• Once established, the assembly would assign a commission to prepare Iraq’s new constitution. With nationwide town hall meetings providing a forum for grass-roots participation in debating and modifying the constitution, the process would enable the Iraqi people to have ownership of the outcome.
    •• Здесь, пожалуй, возможны варианты со словами причастность, контроль, но ближе всего к намерению автора – позволит иракскому народу самостоятельно определять результат этого процесса. Несколько вольнее – чувствовать себя хозяином своей судьбы (здесь теряется outcome, а это существенно).
    •• (Кстати, town hall meetings – как видим, это словосочетание употребляется не только как чисто американская реалия. Вполне адекватным в данном случае мне кажется вариант собрание общественности.)
    •• Еще один пример того, что слово ownership встречается не только в специфическом «международно-чиновничьем» употреблении и не только в сочетании country ownership и может закономерно, как выразился бы Я.И. Рецкер, переводиться при помощи русских слов самостоятельность или контроль, – высказывание министра иностранных дел Иордании, процитированное в журнале Newsweek:
    •• Reform is needed in the Arab world, we agree on that. But for it to work, we need ownership of the process, not a one-for-all blueprint from Washington. – Мы должны иметь контроль над этим процессом или Нам нужна самостоятельность в рамках этого процесса, а не стандартное решение, навязываемое Вашингтоном.
    •• Кроме country ownership есть еще и total ownership. Вот замечательный фрагмент из книги Боба Вудворда Plan of Attack:
    •• Monday, Jan. 13, Powell and Bush met in the Oval Office. The president was sitting in his regular chair in front of the fireplace, and the secretary was in the chair reserved for the visiting leader or most senior U.S. official. For once, neither Cheney nor Rice was hovering.
    •• <...> The president said he had made up his mind on war. The United States should go to war.
    ••You’re sure?” Powell asked.
    •• Yes, said Bush.
    •• You understand the consequences,” Powell said in a half question. <...> “You know that you’re going to be owning this place?” Powell said, reminding Bush of what he had told him at a dinner the previous August in which Powell had made the case against military action in Iraq. An invasion would mean assuming the hopes, aspirations and all the troubles of Iraq. Powell wasn’t sure whether Bush had fully understood the meaning and consequences of total ownership.
    •• But I think I have to do this, the president said.
    •• Right, Powell said.
    •• You’re going to be owning this place – русское слово владеть здесь совсем не подходит. Видимо, фразу Пауэлла можно было бы, учитывая последующее, перевести так: Вы понимаете, что будете отвечать за все? Total ownership – полная ответственность.
    •• Вообще мало что так способствует обогащению языка, как полемика по острым политическим проблемам. В США главной из них в последние годы, безусловно, является иракская война. Среди языковых новаций, связанных с ней, – the Pottery Barn rule.
    •• Цитирую по National Public Radio ту же книгу Вудворда Plan of Attack:
    •• According to a new book by Washington Post journalist Bob Woodward, Powell was supportive of the war in public in an effort to win international support. But he was also concerned about the complications of a war. Woodward wrote that behind the scenes, Powell used language from one of Tom Friedman’s columns in referring to the Pottery Barn ruleof foreign policy. That is: “you break it, you own it.
    •• ( Pottery Barn – магазин типа «для дома, для семьи», среди прочего торгует керамикой, посудой, стеклом. Таким образом, Pottery Barn rule – что-то вроде правила посудной лавки). Смысл «правила» вроде бы прост: разбил – плати. Однако не все так просто – и в жизни, и в переводе.
    •• Автор статьи в Washington Post Уильям Распбери, упомянув это «правило» (the so-called Pottery Barn rule invoked by Secretary of State Colin Powell in his prewar advice to President Bush), дальше пишет: And what, finally, of the you break it, you own it imperative ( which Pottery Barn says is not its policy)?
    •• Проверка в Интернете подтверждает, что магазин ни при чем:
    •• Responding to Colin Powell’s use of the phrase “The Pottery Barn Rule” to refer to the rule “You break it, you own it,” Williams-Sonoma, parent of Pottery Barn, has issued a press release stating that its policy is in fact to write-down breakage. Более того: The State Department <...> issued a statement yesterday indicating that it did not intend to cast aspersions on the Pottery Barn mark.
    •• Да и перевод плати при ближайшем рассмотрении оказывается не лучшим вариантом, ведь Пауэлл имел в виду не только чисто финансовые последствия, но и то, что, пойдя на военные действия, администрация берет на себя ответственность за целую страну. Итак, перевод Разбил – плати верен лишь отчасти. Хотя слово платить имеет и переносный смысл (отвечать за последствия), в переводе этой фразы лучше так и сказать: Разбил/сломал – отвечай ( за последствия).

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > ownership

  • 14 GETA

    * * *
    I)
    (get; gat, gátum; getinn), v.
    I. with acc.
    1) to get;
    geta orðstír, to get fame;
    geta sér e-t, to get for oneself (góðs um œðis ef sér geta mætti);
    geta gott af e-m, to get good of one;
    with dat. of the person, geta váluðum vel, to be kind to the poor;
    geta e-m illa, to do harm to one;
    impers., getr e-t, there is (got);
    eigi getr slíkan (there is none such) í konungs herbergjum;
    2) with pp. of another verb, geta veiddan fisk, to be able to catch fish;
    ek get eigi fylgt yðr, I cannot follow you;
    3) almost like an auxil. verb with infin.;
    ek Gunnari gat at unna, I loved G.;
    geta at lita, sjá (to get) to see;
    without ‘at’, er slíkt getr fœða jóð, that shall rear such a child;
    4) to learn (lengi man þat er ungr getr);
    5) to beget, engender (fótr gat son við fœti);
    6) refl., getast at e-u, to like;
    því at mér gezt vel at þér, because I like thee well;
    láta sér getit at e-u, to be pleased with;
    eigi læt ek mér at einu getit, I am not pleased to have always the same, I want some change;
    II. with gen.
    geta gatu, to guess a riddle;
    geta rétt, to guess right;
    geta e-s til, to guess, suppose;
    geta í hug e-m, to guess one’s thoughts;
    2) to speak of, mention, in speech or writing (þess er getit, sem gört er);
    geta um e-t, to speak about (hann gat ekki um þetta fyrir sínum mönnum);
    þess er við getit, at, it is told that.
    f. guess, conjecture (er þat geta mín, at);
    spá er spaks geta, a wiseman’s guess is a prophecy;
    ætla ek eigi þat til getu, at hann sé þar, it is not likely that he is there;
    leiða getum um e-t, to make a guess at.
    * * *
    pret. gat, 2nd pers. gazt, pl. gátu; pres. get; pret. subj. gætí; sup. getið, but getað in the mod. sense of could; part. getinn; reflex. pres. and pret. getsk or gezk, gatsk or gazk, mod. gezst and gazst; with the neg. suff. gátu-ð, Korm. 224, Sighvat; gat-at, Lex. Poët.
    WITH ACC.
    A. [Ulf. begitan = ευρίσκειν; A. S. getan; Engl. get; O. H. G. gezan]:—to get; this use of the word, which is so common in Engl., is dying out in Icel.; it is found in the old poems, esp. in the old Hm.; it is used in law phrases, but is rare in common prose, even in the oldest Sagas; geta þögn, to get silence, a hearing, Höfuðl. 3, Hm. 8; geta orðstír, to get fame; en orðstír deyr aldrigi hveim sér góðan getr, 75; orðstír of gat, Eirekr at þat, Höfuðl.; ey getr kvikr kú, Hm. 69; sjaldan liggjandi úlfr lær um getr, né sofandi maðr sigr, 57; ef hann sylg um getr, 17; né þat máttu … geta hvergi, they could nowhere get it, Hým. 4; gambantein at geta, gambantein ek gat, Skm. 34; hvar gaztú vára aura, Vkv. 12; geta gjaforð, to marry, Alm. 6: geta sér, to get for oneself; hættr er heimis-kviðr nema sér góðan geti, Sdm. 25; sá er sæll er sér um getr lof ok líknstafi, Hm. 8; er sér getr slíkan sefa, Hkm. 19; góðs um æðis, ef sér geta mætti, if he could get it, Hm. 4; geta gjöld, laun e-s, 64, 124, Gm. 3; geta gott af e-m, to get good of one, Hm. 43, 44:—in law, nema hann getí þann kvið, at …, unless he can get that verdict, that …, Grág. i. 17; goðinn seksk ef hann getr engi (acc.) til at nefna féránsdóm, 95; ella skal hverr þeirra geta mann fyrir sik, 26:—in common prose, biðja konu þeirrar er honum væri sómi í, ef hann gæti, Fms. xi. 47; veit ek eigi hvar sú kona sitr er mér sé mikit happ í at geta, Ld. 88: to get, earn, svá at hann megi sér mat geta af sínu fé eðr verkum, Grág. i. 293:—to get, learn, fátt gat ek þegjandi þar, Hm. 104; lengi man þat er ungr getr, an old saying, Ísl. ii. 248; þá skal hann eiga stefnu við fimm lögmenn, þá er hann má helzt geta af (five lawyers of whom he can best learn, i. e. five of the wisest men of law) áðr hann segi hvern þátt upp, Grág. i. 3.
    2. with dat. of the person added, mostly in reference to feeding or entertaining; get þér vel at borði þínu, keep a good table, Sks. 20; get þú váluðum vel, entertain well the poor, Hm. 136; nú er honum vel getið ( he has good cheer) af gnógum mat ok góðum drykk, Str. 7; geta e-m sumbl, to give a feast to one, Ls. 8; geta e-m fótlaug, to get him a foot-bath, Hkv. 2. 37; geta e-m drápu, to entertain one with a poem, Sighvat: the phrase, geta sér (e-m) vel, ílla, to do, cause good or evil to one; ofrmælgi hygg ek at ílla geti hveim er …, a loose tongue will bring evil to any one that …, Vþm. 10; en ef hann forðask minn fund þá mun hann sér ílla geta í því, if he shuns me he will do worse to himself, Orkn. 252 (in a verse).
    II. joined to an infinitive, a participle, or a supine, to get to do (fá, q. v., is used in a similar sense),—hence to be able:
    1. almost like an auxil. verb,
    α. with infin. but without ‘at;’ ek gat’k unna Gunnari, I got to love G., Óg. 21; en sá gat taka við syndum, Sl. 6; ek gat líta, I got to see, beheld, Korm. 14 (in a verse); ek gat blóta, Hallfred (Fs. 94); getum hræra, we do rear, Edda; geta sjá, to get to see, Hkr. i. 205 (in a verse); hann gat teygja at sér, he did draw to himself, Edda 65 (in a verse); geta fæða, to give birth to, Am. 103; ef hann eignask getr, Hm. 78; hveim er eiga getr, Hkv. Hjörv. 9:—with ‘at,’ esp. in the phrase, geta at sjá, líta; þá geta þeir Hákon jarl at líta, earl H. got to see, behold, Fms. xi. 131; þá gátu menn at sjá land fyrir stafu fram, 656 C. 22; Sölvi gat at líta hvar þeir flýðu, Nj. 247; Enok gat at eiga þann son, Stj. 45; gat at heita, Rm. 42.
    β. with part. acc., with a notion of being able, Lat. posse; Gyðingar gátu enga sök sannaða, the Jews could not prove any of their charges, 656 C. 19; því mér lízt svá, sem vér munim þá aldri sótta geta, Nj. 197; ef vér getum Harald Gráfeld af lífi tekinn, Fms. xi. 21; ok geta rétta fylking sína, 131; mikinn fisk ok fagran ok gátu eigi veiddan, iv. 89.
    γ. so also with sup.; gátu þeir ekki at gört, Nj. 115; ok hætta á hvárt ek geta keypt (kaup, v. l.) fyrir yðr. if I can get a bargain for you, 157; Björn gat séð ( beheld) manna-reiðina, 260; ef ek gæta vel fyrir mér séð, 22; sem mest gat hann flutt eptir sér, Ó. H. 85; eigi at heldr gat hann veitt þann íkorna, id.; ef ek get eigi fylgt yðr, Fms. vi. 211.
    2. absol. in old writers geta seems never to occur in the sense of to be able, but only periphrastically as above; but in mod. usage geta has almost displaced the old verb kunna in this sense, e. g. eg get það ekki, I cannot; getr-ðú komið, canst thou come? ef hann hefði getað, if he could have; ekki þurfti, eg gat, I could, and endless other instances.
    III. impers. there is got, there is, cp. Germ. es giebt; eigi getr slíkan ( there is none such) í konungs herbergjum, Fms. vii. 148; þar getr stein (acc.) er asbestos heitir, there is got the stone asbestos, xi. 415; eigi getr vitrara mann, no wiser man is to be got; slíka menn getr varla til vitrleiks, Lv. 54; þar getr reykelsi, Hb, 8.
    IV. reflex., in the phrase, e-m getsk at e-u, one is pleased at a thing, one likes it; því at mér gezk vel at þér, because I like thee well, Fms. i. 66; ok mun mér ekki at getask, nema hann sé sæmilega af höndum leystr, and I shall not be pleased, unless …, Ld. 298; at þú fengir mér konu þá er mér gætisk at, Fms. i. 289; honum gatsk ílla at þessu, Ld. 104; eru þeir nokkurir hér at þér getisk eigi at, Fms. vii. 104; konungr sagði at honum gatsk eigi at þeirri sætt svá búit, ix. 486; haf þökk fyrir, ok getsk mér nú vel at, vi. 372; segir, at henni getsk eigi at þessi ætlan, Finnb. 312; Þorgrímr bað hann til hætta hve honum gætisk at, 336; svá hefir þeim at getisk vápnum Franceisa, so they have tasted thus far the weapons of the French, Karl. 184: with sup., láta sér getið at e-u, to take interest in, be pleased with; eigi læt ek mér at einu getið, ‘tis not my taste to have always the same, I want some change, something new, Grett. 149 new Ed.; lát þér at góðu getið, rejoice in the good, Hm. 129.
    B. To get, beget, engender, used alike of both parents, severally or jointly; fótr gat son við fæti, Vþm. 33: hve sá börn gat, 32; þá ek mög gat, Ls. 35; við systur þinni gaztu slíkan mög, 36; hann gat son er Guðröðr hét, Fms. i. 11; þat barn er þau geta, Grág. i. 178; ef austmaðr getr barn með konu, ef skógarmaðr getr launbarn með konu, 352; svein þann sem hón hafði getið með Abram, Stj. 114; dróttning gat son við Ívari, Fms. vii. 230; sonu marga Öndurdís við Óðni gat, Ht.; þau gátu sér son er Mörðr hét, Nj. 38; fíllinn getr eigi optarr en um sinn, Stj. 70; þegar sem þeir geta burð saman, 97; hann var getinn ( born) austr, Landn. 148; throughout Matth. i. the Icel. text renders begat by gat, cp. Mar. S. 19, Luke i. 35:—to conceive, þú munt verða getandi í kviði, Stj. 409. Judges xiii. 5; fyrir sinn erfingja getinn ok ógetinn, Grág. ii. 170; þú munt son geta ok fæða, Mar. 18; gefr hann son at geta þann er hon fæðir síðan, Mar.: reflex. to be engendered, þaðan getsk löngunin, 656 B. 7: to be born, Mar. 19.
    WITH GEN., of the same form throughout, though different in construction and sense.
    A. [Engl. guess (from the Scandin.?); Swed. gissa; Dan. gjætte; not in Germ. nor Saxon]:—to guess; geta gátu, to guess a riddle, Fas. i. 465; in the saying, opt verðr villr sá er geta skal, Fb. iii. 384; hvárt getr þú þessa, eðr veiztú með sannindum, Fms. ii. 260; ef þik hefði svá dreymt sem áðr gat ek, xi. 7; ok gat þess til, at þú mundir, Nj. 90; þess munda ek geta, at …, Lv. 104; þá fór sem hann gat, at …, Fms. xi. 22; ek get verit munu hafa Gunnar á Hlíðarenda, Nj. 35; sendimenn sögðu at hann gat rétt, Eg. 541; ef ek skal geta til, þá ætla ek …, Nj. 134; eptir því sem Halldórr gat til, Ld. 324; sem Ólafr konungr gat til, Fms. vii. 104, x. 354; get þú til (guess!) segir Stúfr, rétt getr þú ( thou guessest right) segir Stúfr, vi. 390; gat síns hverr til hvat skipum vera mundi, viii. 213; nú geta menn þess til at Gísli muni druknaðr vera, Gísl. 46, (tilgáta); þá get ek at á sína hönd mér setisk hvárr þeirra, Ld. 324: so in the phrase, geta til launanna í knefa e-m, to guess for the reward into another’s nieve ( closed hand), Sturl. iii. 151; geta í kollinn, to guess, guess right, passim.
    2. to think, mean, almost like the American I guess; ekki get ek at hón sálug sé mjök djarftæk, I guess that she, poor thing, will …, Stj. 422; ek get hann eigi þessa eina hjálp okkr veita, 423, passim: recipr. getask, proncd. getrast.
    B. [Found neither in Engl., Saxon, nor Germ.; lost in mod. Swed. and Dan.]:—to speak of, mention; þess er getið sem gört er, Grett.; gettu eigi vafurleysu þeirrar, Band. 28; öngra manna gat Kári jafnopt sem Njáls, Nj. 211; konungr þagnar hvert sinn er Þórólfs er getið, Eg. 54; þá þarf þess eigi at geta ef sættask skal, Fms. iv. 130; so also, geta um e-t, to speak about; Guanarr reið heim ok gat fyrir öngum manni um, Nj. 82; ok gátu fyrir henni um bónorðit, Fms. xi. 22; ok er ekki getið um ferð þeirra fyrr en þeir kómu til hirðar Rögnvalds jarls, iv. 130.
    2. to tell of (in records etc.); þess getr Glúmr Geirason í Gráfeldar drápu, Fms. i. 25, 30, 38, 50, 55, 65, 91, iv. 62, 63, passim; en í annarri sögu er þess getið, at …, xi. 14; enn getr Einarr hversu Hákon jarl hefndi föður síns, i. 56; sem síðarr mun getið verða, as will be told later (i. e. below), 230; sem fyrr var getið, as is told above, v. 24: impers., e-s getr, it is told, recorded (in books, poems); þess getr í Hrunhendu, at …, opt skal góðs geta, a saying, the good shall be often spoken of, Hm. 102.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > GETA

  • 15 Kasten

    m; -s, Kästen
    1. box (auch Turnen, in Zeitungen etc.); (Behälter, Kiste) case; (Bierkasten etc.) crate; (Briefkasten) letterbox, Am. mailbox; (Schaukasten) showcase; südd, österr., schw. (Schrank) wardrobe
    2. umg.: im Kasten sein Film: be in the can; eine Szene / ein Bild im Kasten haben have a scene / picture in the can
    3. umg., pej. (Auto, Flugzeug) crate; (Gebäude) barn ( oder barracks) of a building, pile, heap
    4. umg. (Fernseher) box
    5. MIL., Sl. (Gefängnis) cooler, clink
    6. umg. (großer Mensch) great big hulk
    7. umg.: er hat was auf dem Kasten he’s not daft; er hat nicht viel auf dem Kasten he’s a bit thick
    8. SPORT, Sl. (Tor) goal
    * * *
    der Kasten
    box; bin; case; chest; cabinet
    * * *
    Kạs|ten ['kastn]
    m -s, -
    ['kɛstn]
    1) box; (= Kiste) crate, case; (= Truhe) chest; (Aus = Schrank) cupboard; (N Ger = Schublade) drawer; (= Briefkasten) postbox (Brit), letter box (Brit), mailbox (US); (= Schaukasten) showcase, display case; (= Brotkasten) breadbin (Brit), breadbox (US); (SPORT = Gerät) box
    2) (inf) (= altes Schiff) tub (inf); (= alter Wagen, Flugzeug) crate (inf); (= altes großes Haus) barn (of a place) (inf); (= Radio, Fernsehapparat etc) box (inf)
    3) (inf = großer, breiter Mann) heavyweight (inf), big bloke (Brit inf)
    4) (inf)
    5) (inf = Fußballtor) goal

    sie müssen noch ein Tor in den Kasten bringenthey need to put another one in the back of the net (inf)

    * * *
    (a container or outer covering: a case of medical instruments; a suitcase.) case
    * * *
    Kas·ten
    <-s, Kästen>
    [ˈkastn̩, pl ˈkɛstn̩]
    m
    1. (kantiger Behälter) box
    2. (offene Kiste) crate, case
    ein \Kasten Bier a crate of beer
    3. ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ (Schrank) cupboard
    4. (fam: Briefkasten) letterbox BRIT, mailbox AM
    5. SPORT (Turngerät) vaulting horse
    6. (fam: großes Gebäude) barrack
    7. (Schaukasten) showcase
    8. (unförmiges Fahrzeug) tank
    9.
    etwas/viel/nichts auf dem \Kasten haben (fam) to be/not be on the ball fam
    * * *
    der; Kastens, Kästen
    1) box
    2) (für Flaschen) crate
    3) (ugs.): (Briefkasten) postbox
    4) (ugs. abwertend): (Gebäude) barracks sing. or pl.
    5) (ugs. abwertend): (Fernseher, Radio) box (coll.)
    6) (ugs.): (Kamera)
    7)

    etwas auf dem Kasten haben(ugs.) have got it up top (coll.); have plenty of grey matter

    8) (Schaukasten) showcase; display case
    9) (Turnen) box
    11) (bes. nordd.): (Schublade) drawer
    12) (südd., österr., schweiz.): (Schrank) cupboard
    * * *
    Kasten m; -s, Kästen
    1. box (auch Turnen, in Zeitungen etc); (Behälter, Kiste) case; (Bierkasten etc) crate; (Briefkasten) letterbox, US mailbox; (Schaukasten) showcase; südd, österr, schweiz (Schrank) wardrobe
    2. umg:
    im Kasten sein FILM be in the can;
    eine Szene/ein Bild im Kasten haben have a scene/picture in the can
    3. umg, pej (Auto, Flugzeug) crate; (Gebäude) barn ( oder barracks) of a building, pile, heap
    4. umg (Fernseher) box
    5. MIL, sl (Gefängnis) cooler, clink
    6. umg (großer Mensch) great big hulk
    7. umg:
    8. SPORT, sl (Tor) goal
    * * *
    der; Kastens, Kästen
    1) box
    3) (ugs.): (Briefkasten) postbox
    4) (ugs. abwertend): (Gebäude) barracks sing. or pl.
    5) (ugs. abwertend): (Fernseher, Radio) box (coll.)
    6) (ugs.): (Kamera)
    7)

    etwas auf dem Kasten haben(ugs.) have got it up top (coll.); have plenty of grey matter

    8) (Schaukasten) showcase; display case
    9) (Turnen) box
    11) (bes. nordd.): (Schublade) drawer
    12) (südd., österr., schweiz.): (Schrank) cupboard
    * * *
    - m.
    bin n.
    box n.
    coffer n.
    hutch n.
    showcase n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Kasten

  • 16 KVIÐR

    I)
    (-ar; pl. -ir, acc. -u), m.
    1) verdict (of neighbours); bera kvið um e-t, to give a verdict in a case; bera kvið á e-n, í móti e-m (af e-m), to give a verdict against (for, in favour of) one;
    2) inquest, jury; kveðja e-n kviðar, to call (a neighbour) on an inquest; ryðja kviðinn, bjóða til ruðningar um kviðinn, to challenge the jury;
    3) saying, word; kviðr norna, the decree of the Fates (kveld lifir maðr ekki eptir kvið norna).
    (-ar; pl. -ir, acc. -u), m.
    1) belly, abdomen;
    2) womb.
    * * *
    1.
    m., gen. kviðar, pl. kviðir, acc. pl. kviðu. [Ulf. qiss = -φημία, -λογία, as in ana-qiss = βλασφημία; þiuþi-qiss and waila-qiss = εὐλογία; missa-qiss = σχίσμα, etc.]:—prop. a saw, saying, speech, word, and hence in law a verdict given by neighbours; for the Engl. ‘verdict’ is indeed a kind of rendering of the Norse term; kviðr Norna, the word of the Norns, weird, fate, death, kveld lifir maðr ekki eptir kvið Norna, Hðm. 31; orðs-kviðr, a saw, proverb; mis-kviðr, ‘saying-amiss,’ false pleading. The old law makes a distinction between vætti ( a witness) and kviðr ( a verdict),—þar er bæði fylgir einni sök vætti ok kviðr, þá skal vætti fara fyrr fram en kviðr, Grág. i. 47: before delivering his opinion each neighbour had to take an oath,—þat er mælt, áðr kviðr sé borinn, at þeir skulu eiða vinna allir áðr at dómi, 53. The old records mention various kinds of neighbours and verdicts:
    1. in Norse law,
    α. the heimis-kviðr (heims-kviðr, heimilis-k.) or a ‘home-verdict,’ a verdict of neighbours, bearing some resemblance to the oath of compurgators; ten, or in lesser cases four or six, neighbours were to accompany the accused to the court, two of whom had to swear on the book, and the rest followed,—en þat er heims kviðr er tíu menn fylgja til móts, en sverja tveir menn á bók, en átta sanna þat, N. G. L. i. 311, cp. ii. 505; hafa með sér heimiliskviðar-vátta til þings, K. Á. 214; hann hafi heiman heimiliskviðar-vitni, 152; nema heimiliskviðar-vitni fylgi, Gþl. 193: þá skal með þessu heimiliskviðar-vitni sækja, N. G. L. 4. 140 (heimskviðar-vitni, 337); þá skal með þessu heimiliskviðjar-vitni sækja, at einn skal bera en tveir sanna um þriggja aura mál, en um sex aura mál skal einn sanna en fjórir sverja, en þeir skulu vera fylkis-menn, N. G. L. i. 140, 316; en ef eigi kemr saga hins sára fram á fyrsta þingi né heimiliskviðar-vitni, þá …, 160: similar were the ‘sandemænd’ ( soothmen) of the early Danish law; to this the old saw refers, hættr er heimiskviðr, nema sér góðan geti, perilous is the home-verdict, unless one gets a good one, Sdm. 25.
    β. in Icel., unless the bjargkviðr (q. v.) be identical to heimis-kviðr, this sort of verdict is seldom mentioned; eigi skal heimis-kvið annan at henda, Grág. i. 361.
    2. in Icel. law the tólftar-kviðr ( verdict of twelve), also called goða-kviðr ( priest verdict), Grág. i. 168, viz. a body of twelve men, of whom eleven were to be summoned by the goði of the district, and he, being the twelfth of the number, had to deliver the final verdict. The verdict of twelve was only appointed for certain cases defined in the law, K. Þ. K. 168, v. l.; nú hefir maðr tólptar-kviðar kvatt, ok skal goði nefna þriðjungs-menn sína til kviðar þess með sér, ok er honum rétt hvárz þeir eru bændr eða grið-menn, hann skal ellefu menn nefna aðra en sik, Grág. i. 57, see the whole chapter 17 in Þ. Þ., as also the Grág. passim; ella kveðja til tylptar-kviðar goða þess (þann?) er sóttr er …, en ef sjálfr er sóttr goðinn þeirri sök, þá skal kveðja samþingis-goðann tólptar-kviðar; tólptar-kviðar skal kveðja þann goða er sá er í þingi er sóttr er, Grág. i. 138; er goði er kvaddr tólptar-kviðar um þat er hann á eigi at skilja, þá …, 168, 207; nú koma menn til þings, ok málit í dóm, ok á Glúmr (in his capacity as goði) at bera tólptar-kvið, … Glúmr berr at honum kviðinn ok únýtti málit, Glúm. ch. 18: tólptar-kviðr átti um at skilja, en hvárrgi þeirra Snorra né Arnkels þótti bera mega kviðinn fyrir hleyta sakir við sækjanda ok varnar-aðilja, var þá Helgi Hofgarða-goði kvaddr tylptar-kviðar, … eptir þat bar Helgi at kviðinn, Eb. ch. 16, cp. also the passage in Lv. ch. 4, where a verdict of twelve seems to be meant.
    β. but the common popular verdict was the búa-kviðr or neighbour-verdict, given by five, and in some cases by nine, neighbours (see búi), who had to be summoned either at home (kveðja búa heiman) or in certain exceptional instances in the court (á þingi); the instances in the Grág. and the Sagas, esp. the Nj., are almost endless: technical phrase, bera kvið, to give the verdict, Nj. 87, Grág. i. 57, passim; as also, bera af kviðinn, or, bera á kviðinn, to give a verdict for or against, (see bera B. I); ryðja kvið or kviðu, prop. to ‘clear the verdict,’ i. e. to challenge the neighbours, Grág. i. 29; bjóða til ruðningar um kviðinn, Nj. 87, passim.
    γ. a special kind, egningar-kviðr, a kind of law quirk, Grág. i. 56: ironical, nú er getið um fyrir Þorkatli at honum þykkja ríkt bornir kviðirnir, Lv. 27. From the analogy of the Icel. customs, it can be inferred with certainty that along with the invasion of the Danes and Norsemen, the judgment by verdict was also transplanted to English ground, for the settlers of England were kith and kin to those of Iceland, carrying with them the same laws and customs; lastly, after the Conquest it became the law of the land. This old Scandinavian institution gradually died out in the mother countries, and came to an end in Icel. A. D. 1271–1281, with the fall of the Commonwealth, and the introduction of a Norse code of laws, whereas it was naturalised in England, which came to be the classical land of trial by jury.
    2.
    m., gen. kviðar, pl. kviðir, acc. pl. kviðu; [Ulf. qiþus = κοιλία, μήτηρ; A. S. cwið; O. H. G. quiti; Swed. qved; Gr. γαστήρ; cp. Lat. venter]:—the womb; Ulfr reist á honum kviðinn, Nj. 275; minta styrkir kvið, Lækn.: of animals, svall allr kviðrinn á hestinum, Bs. i. 345; so water reaches, upp í kvið; éta hálfan kvið, to eat half one’s fill; fara síganda kviði, to go with a sinking belly, i. e. to limp, lag behind; get ek at þeim fari héðan af síganda kviði, Grett. 151 A; hann tók hendi sinni niðr undir miðjan kviðinn, Edda 33, Fms. iv. 385.
    2. esp. the womb, Lat. uterus; konu er barn hefir kviknat í kviði, K. Þ. K. 134, Grág. ii. 69; þat barn er eigi arfgengt, er kvikt er í kviði áðr móðurinni sé frelsi gefit, i. 178; óx brúðar kviðr frá brjósti niðr, Bjarn. (in a verse), Fms. vi. 350–352, as also the N. T.,—þú munt getnað fá í kviði þínum, Luke i. 31; ok barnið spratt upp í hennar kviði, 41, 44; blessaðr er ávöxtr kviðar þíns, 42; áðr en hann var getinn í móður-kviði, ii. 21; allt karlkyns þat er fyrst opnaði sinnar móður kvið, 23; af móður-kviði fæddir, Matth. xix. 12, Gal. i. 15; sæll er sá kviðr er þig bar og þau brjóst er þú milktir, Luke xi. 27.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > KVIÐR

  • 17 år

    pockmark, scar
    * * *
    (et -) year;
    [ han er 10 år ( gammel)] he is ten (years old),
    (se også gammel);
    [ i sine bedste år] in the prime of life, in one's prime;
    [ blive 20 år] be twenty, reach twenty,
    F complete one's twentieth year;
    (jur) a year and 6 weeks,
    ( lang tid) (for) ages ( fx I haven't seen him for ages; it is ages since I saw him);
    [ det gamle (, nye) år] the old (, new) year;
    [ hvert andet år] every second (el. other) year;
    [ så lang som et ondt år] as long as a month of Sundays;
    (se også halv, halvandet, herre);
    [ med præp & adv:]
    ( engang) some day, some time;
    [ året efter] the year after, the following year;
    [ år for år] year by year, annually, yearly;
    [ for 3 år siden] 3 years ago;
    [ gennem årene] in the course of time;
    [ i år] this year;
    [ i året 1815] in (the year) 1815;
    [ i disse år] at present, these days;
    [ i mange år] for many years,
    ( fra nu af) for (many) years to come;
    (se også gå (i), ung, yngre);
    [ når man kommer op i årene] when you are getting on in years;
    [ være oppe i årene] be advanced (el. well on) in years;
    [ hele året igennem] throughout the year;
    [ med årene] with the years;
    [ mellem år og dag] in the course of time;
    [ om året] a year, annually,
    F per annum;
    [ om et år] in a year;
    [ i dag om et år] this day next year; twelve months today;
    [ et barn på 7 år, et 7-års barn] a child of 7, a seven-year-old child;
    [ han er syg (, skilt) på femte år] he has been ill (, divorced) for over four years;
    [ hele året rundt] all the year round;
    [ til års] advanced (el. well on) in years;
    [ året ud] the rest of the year;
    [ år ud og år ind] year in (and) year out.

    Danish-English dictionary > år

  • 18 HVERR

    I)
    (-s, -ar), m.
    1) kettle, cauldron;
    2) hot spring (hverrinn var bæði heitr ok djúpr); holtriða h., ‘rock-cauldron’, cave.
    pron.
    1) interrog., used both substantively and adjectively, who, which, what? hverjar ero þær meyjar? who are these maids? h. á hestinn? who owns the horse? h. er þessi maðr? who is this man? hvern enda? what end?
    2) indef. each, every one, as subst., with gen.; manna h., every man; fróðra h., every wise man; h. várr, each of us; as a., h. gumi, every man; hverjan or hvern dag, every day; as adv., í hverju, moment (veðrit óx í hverju);
    3) any (fyrir útan hverja hjálp);
    4) with the relat. part. ‘er’ or ‘sem’, whosoever, whichever (þá skulu þeir þegar drepa hann h. sem hann er);
    5) with another pron. or adj; h. at öðrum, one after another (hverja nótt eptir aðra); at öðru hverju, every now and then, hverir tveir, every two and two; þriðja hvert ár, every three years (= á hverjum þremr árum); hverr … sinn, every one … his (hverr maðr í sínu rúmi);
    6) relat. (rare), who, which.
    * * *
    1.
    m., pl. hverar:
    I. a cauldron, boiler; hver kringlóttan af eiri, Stj. 564; heyrði til höddu er Þorr bar hverinn, Skálda 168, Hym. 1, 3, 5, 9, 13, 27, 33, 34, 36, 39 (of a boiler); hefja af hvera, Gm. 42, = mod. taka ofan pottinn; in Gkv. 3, 6, 9, 10, ketill and hver are synonymous: hver-gætir, m. a cauldron-keeper, cook, Am. 58: hvera-lundr, m. a cauldron groove, Vsp. 39: Hver-gelmir, m. local name of the northern Tartarus, the abyss, Edda.
    II. metaph. in volcanic Icel. this word was taken to express the hot springs, and it is so used to the present day (in pl. often hverir), Sd. 191, Grett. 141 (hverar), Bs. i. 322, Ann. 1294, and freq. in local names. In the west the largest hverar are those in Reykjahólar, Eggert Itin. 382; in the north the Reykja-hver; Hvera-vellir in the wilderness Kjöl, 637; Reykjadals-hverar, among which the largest is the Uxa-hver, and Baðstofu-hver, 640, 641. In the east there are only a few, see Itin. 798; whereas the south is very rich in such springs, especially the neighbourhood of Haukadal (Geysir, Strokkr), see Ann. 1294; Grafar-hver, 890; Reykjaness-hverar, 895, (whence Hver-hólmr, the name of a holm); the springs in Krísuvík, 897; the hverar in Reykja-holt and Reykja-dalr: they are found even in glaciers, as in Torfa-jökull, 766.
    COMPDS: hverafuglar, hverahella, hverahrúðr, hveraleir, hveraslý, hverasteinar, hveravatn, hvera-lundr in Vsp. an Icel. origin of this poem is suggested by Prof. Bergmann in his Poëmes Islandaises, Paris 1838, p. 183, as the verse seems to refer to volcanic agencies.
    2.
    pron. interrog. and indef.; at the present day proncd. hvur, with u throughout, and in mod. printed books usually spelt hvör, a form no doubt derived from the dual hvárr (hvorr), used in a plur. sense: for its declension, see Gramm. p. xxi; an acc. hverjan, Hým. 39; hverjan morgin, Vsp. 22, Fb. ii. 71 (in a verse); hverjan dag, Vþm. 11, 18, 23, 41, Gm. 8, 14, 20, 29; hverjan veg, Vþm. 18; whence the contracted form hvern. [The Gothic has a threefold interrog. pron., a sing. hwas, hwo, hwa; a dual, hwaþar; and a plur. hwarjis, hwarja, hwarjata. To the first of these pronouns answers the old Icel. form hvar, A. S. hwa, Scot. who, Engl. who, Swed. ho, Dan. hvo, cp. Lat. quis; but this pronoun is defective, and remains only in the neut. hvat, q. v., Ulf. hwa, A. S. hwat, Engl. what, Germ. was, Dan.-Swed. hvad, Lat. quid: the dat. masc. hveim is obsolete, Goth. hvamme, Engl. whom, Dan. hvem: the dat. hví (see hvat II, III): a nom. masc. hvar (hva-r) seems to be used a few times in old MSS. (e. g. Kb. of the Grágás), but it is uncertain, as the word is usually abbreviated her or hur: a gen. sing. hves (Goth. hwes, North. E. whese) occurs, hves lengra, how much farther? Hom. (St.) 50; til hves, to what? 65: possibly the απ. λεγ. hós, Ls. 33, is a remnant of the old gen. To the Goth. dual answers the Icel. hvárr (hvaðarr), q. v. To the Goth. plur. answers the Icel. hverr, with characteristic j, which is used in sing. and plur. alike. In the neut. sing. the two forms, hvat and hvert, are distinguished thus, that hvat (hvað) is interrog., hvert indef., e. g. hvað barn, what bairn? but hvert barn, every bairn.]
    A. Interrogative, = Lat. quis, quae, quid? who, what, which? as substantive and adjective, direct and indirect; hvers fregnit mik? Vsp. 22; hverjar ro þær meyjar? Vþm. 48; hverir æsir? 30, Fsm. 8, 34; hverr er sá enn eini? Fas. ii. 529; hverir hafa tekið ofan skjöldu vára? Nj. 68; hverju skal launa kvæðit? Ísl. ii. 230; hverr er sá maðr? Fms. ii. 269; telja til hvers hann hafði neytt eði hvers úneytt, Grág. i. 155; spyrja hverja þeir vilja kveðja, ii. 24; kveða á þingmörk hver eru, i. 100; (segja) hverjar guðsifjar með þeim eru, 30; hugsa til hvers þú munt færr verða, Fms. i. 83; vita hverr þú ert, ii. 269; vita hvert biðja skal, Edda; þeir þóttusk sjá til hvers aetlað var, Fms. ix. 461; eigi veit ek til hvers ek má ætla, Bs. i. 541; hón segir honum hvers efni í eru, how matters stood, 539; þeir vissu hverju hann ætlaði fram at fara, Fms. i. 291; hann segir hverrar ættar Ólafr var, 81; sögðu með hverju (erendi) þeir höfðu farit, Eg. 281.
    2. with the notion of Lat. qualis; en hvat kemr þér í hug, hverr ( qualis) ek muna vera þeim Írum, ef? …, Fas. ii. 529; þeim þótti úsýnt hverr friðr gefinn væri, Fms. v. 24; sá einn veit, hverju geði styrir gumna hverr, Hm. 17.
    B. Indefinite pronoun, = Lat. quisque, every one, each, used both as substantive and as adjective:
    1. as subst.; with gen., þat sæti ætlaði sér hverr sona hans, Fms. i. 7; manna, seggja, lýða, gumna hverr, every one of the men, every man, Hm. 14, 17, 53–55, Sól. 49; fróðra hverr, every wise man, Hm. 7; ráðsnotra hverr, 63: absol., as in the sayings, hverr er sjálfum sér næstr; bærr er hverr at ráða sínu; djarfr er hverrum deildan verð; fróðr er hverr fregnvíss; hverr er sinnar hamingju smiðr; dauðr verðr hverr, Hallfred; hail er heima hverr, Hm.; kveðr hverr sinnar þurftar: lét harm þar tala um hvern þat er vildi, Eb. and passim: with a possess, pron., ef sér ferr hverr várr, each of us, Glúm. 329.
    2. as adj., á hverju þingi, Hkr. ii. 300; hverjan dag, every day, Vsp., Vþm., Gm.; í hverri tíð, at any time, Hom. 112; hver undr, Fs. 115; hverjum manni, Nj. 6; meiri ok sterkari hverjum manni, Hkr. i. 148; hver spurning liítr til svara, Sks. 307; hverr gumi, Hm. 13, passim.
    3. as adv., í hverju, evermore; veðrit óx í hverju, Fms. vi. 379; þykir harðna sambúðin í hverju, grew ever worse and worse, xi. 441; veðrit óx í hverri, Skáld. H. 4. 14.
    II. any; fyrir utan hverja hjálp, Hom. 159: esp. if following after a compar., es meiri fögnuðr boðinn á þessi tíð en á hverri annarri, Hom. (St.); hefir þetta með meirum fádæmum gengit heldr en hvert annarra, Band. 33 new Ed.
    III. adding the relat. particle er or sem, whosoever, whichsoever, whatsoever; hvers sem við þarf, Fms. i. 306; þá á þá sök hverr er vill, Grág. i. 10; hverr er svá er spakr, Hom. 2; hverju sinni er, whensoever, Str. 27 and passim.
    IV. with another pron. or adj.; hverr at öðrum, one after another, Eg. 91, Fs. 158; hvert at öðru, Fas. ii. 556; hvert sumar frá öðru, Grág. i. 92; hverja nótt eptir aðra, Þiðr. 53, 150; at öðru hverju, now and then, adverbially; hverir tveir, every two and two, by twos, Fms. iv. 299; þriðja hvert ár, every three years, Fas. ii. 64; á hverjum þremr árum, id., Stj. 573; dag inn sjaunda hvern, K. ÞK.; þriðja hvert sumar, Landn. 299; annan hvern dag, níundu hverja nótt, Skm. 21, Nj. 190.
    2. hverr … sinn, every … his; hverr maðr í sínu rúmi, Nj. 51; hverr sér, each separately; sér hverr, each in particular, every one; at serhverju hofi, at every single temple, Landn. 336 (App.); þó at ek greina eigi ser hvat, though I do not tell each thing in detail, Bs. i. 64; sérhverja atburði, 134; sérhverjum hlut, Fms. v. 333; sérhverjum þeirra, Nj. 256, Landn. 35, Sturl. ii. 175; sérhvern fingr, Fas. iii. 345; sérhvern mann, Fms. i. 149; allir ok sérhverir, all and several, i. e. everyone, Grág. ii. 36, 140, Eluc. 43, H. E. i. 468; einn ok sérhverr, one and all, every one, Skálda 161; hverr sem einn, each as one, all like one man, 165, Al. 91, 93, Barl. 40, Stj. 4; hvereinn, every one.
    C. Relative, = Lat. qui, quae, quod, Engl. who, which, only in later writers of the end of the 13th and the 14th centuries, and since freq. in N. T., Vídal., Hymns; at first it was seldom used but with the particles er, at, as in Engl. who that …, which that …; þat herbergi, í hverju er …, in which that …, Stj.; takandi vátta, hverir at sóru fullan bókareið, Dipl. ii. 2; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at þekkr mun verða, Fms. v. 159 and passim: singly, tvær jarðir, hverjar svá heita, Dipl. v. 27; Guðs orð, hver frjófgask munu, Fms. v. 159; Gerhardus, hverr með fögrum píslar-sigri fór brott, Mar.; með hverjum hann hugar-prýði vann, Fb. iii. 567.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HVERR

  • 19 MINNI

    * * *
    I)
    n.
    1) memory (hann missti minnis ok þótti nær sem vitstolinn) leggja e-t í m., to lay up in the mind; reka m. til e-s, to call to mind;
    2) esp. in pl. memorials (slík m. hafa Íslendingar Haralds konungs ok mörg önnur); settir eptir (viz. dauða) bautasteinar til minnis, as a memorial;
    3) memory, of past time; þeir er vóru fyrir várt m., who lived before we can remember;
    4) memorial cup, toast (at old sacrifices and banquets); mæla fyrir minnum, to propose a toast.
    a. compar., answering to lítill, less, smaller; least, smallest (var minna karp þitt, meðan H. konungr lifði); er sá kallaðr minni maðr (lower in rank), er öðrum fóstrar barn.
    n. mouth (of a river, fjord, valley), = mynni.
    * * *
    1.
    compar. and superl. minnstr, answering to lítill, q. v.: [Ulf. miniza and minists; O. H. G. miniro; Germ. minder, minderste; Dan.-Swed. mindre, mindst; Lat. minor, minimus]:—lesser, smaller, and superl. least, smallest, of stature, quantity, following the same rule as lítill (q. v.), and opp. to meiri; minna lið, Grág. i. 44; minni laun, Nj. 10; máttr sem minnstr, Fms. xi. 102; minnstr ok vesalligstr, Háv. 53; var minna karp þitt, er …, Fms. vii. 21; þeir áttu minna í at hefna, Eg. 86; liggja í minna rúmi, Mork. 183; svá sem hann má minnstu við koma, Grág. i. 140.
    II. metaph., minnstir fyrir sér, Eg. 123; þú ert minni fyrir þér en ek hugða, Edda 33; þat lið er honum þótti minni fylgð í, Fms. iv. 350; sá er kallaðr minni maðr ( lower in rank) er öðrum fóstrar barn, Ld. 108: hence vera minni maðr, of a person who has done a dishonourable deed, dishonoured [cp. Lat. capitis minor]: eigi at minna, nevertheless, 216. minni-háttar and minnst-háttar, adv. of lesser, least degree, the least, Fs. 59.
    2.
    n. [Ulf. ga-minþi = μνεία; A. S. mynd; Engl. mind]:— memory; minni, vit ok skilning, minni at muna…, Skálda 169, Fbr. 137; hann misti minnis ok þótti nær sem vitstolinn, Fms. vi. 198; sumir hafa eigi m. þá er frá líðr hvernig þeim var sagt, ok gengusk þeim mjök í minni optliga, Ó. H. (pref.); leggja í minni, to keep in memory, Fb. ii. 353; því er ek má mínu minni á koma, Str. 2; reka minni til, Fms. vi. 256, Fb. i. 262; festask e-m í minni, Ó. H. 46; reka minni til e-s.
    2. memorials, esp. in pl.; þvílík minni hafa menn þar Haralds konungs, Fagrsk. 127; ok settir eptir bautasteinar til minnis, Ó. H. (pref.); hann hjó þat högg er menn hafa síðan at minnum haft, Fb. ii. 23, Fms. xi. 109: old saws or the like, hölzti eru þau minnin forn, Mkv.; ok skal orðtak vera forn minni, Edda (Ht.) 125.
    3. memory, of past time; þeirra er vóru fyrir várt minni, who lived before our memory, Íb. 16; þat er ór manna m., beyond the memory of man, D. N. iii. 34; ér erfðuð hann, þat er í mínu m., Skálda 171; ú-minni, lethargy.
    4. mind, consent (Dan. minde, ‘give sit minde til noget;’ Engl. ‘give one’s mind to it’); með sjálfs síns minni, K. Á. 70; utan biskup minni, D. N. i. 382.
    II. a memorial cup or toast, at old sacrifices and banquets: these memorial toasts were in the heathen age consecrated (signuð) to the gods Thor, Odin, Bragi, Frey, Njord, who, on the introduction of Christianity, were replaced by Christ, the Saints, the Archangel Michael, the Virgin Mary, and St. Olaf; the toasts to the Queen, Army, etc. in English banquets are probably a relic of this ancient Teutonic ceremony; Krists-minni, Fms. vii. 148; Máriu-m., x. 19; Ólafs-minni, N. G. L. ii. 445, cp. in the heathen age Braga-full; þar vóru öll minni signuð Ásum at fornum sið, Ó. H. 102; bera minni um eld, O. H. L. 18; bera öl um eld ok drekka m. á þann er gegnt var, Fms. vi. 442; fóru minni mörg ok skyldi horn drekka í minni hvert, Eg. 206; drakk hann þá öll minni krossalaus þau er bændr skenktu honum, Hkr. i. 144; mæla fyrir minnum, to speak to a toast, propose, give a toast, Orkn. 246, Fs. 147; skyldi þar um gólf ganga at minnum öllum, Eg. 253; Þorgils skyldi mæla fyrir minnum, en hann veik til Þórðar ok bað hann ráða hver minni fyrst væri drukkin, i. e. that Th. should be the toast-master, Sturl. i. 20 (the banquet in Reykhólar, A. D. 1119). At a funeral banquet the minni of the deceased was proposed by the heir, who at the same time made a vow (strengja heit); this rite performed, he took his father’s scat in the hall, and was henceforth the lawful heir, Fms. i. 161: a minni to a living person is nowhere mentioned. For the classical passages see Hák. S. Góða ch. 16, 17, Fms. i. 280; and for funeral banquets, Fagrsk. ch. 55.
    COMPDS: minnisdrykkja, minnisgóðr, minnishorn, minnislauss, minnisleysi, minnisstæðr, minnisveig, minnisverðr, minnisöl.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > MINNI

  • 20 HEFJA

    enter on/upon
    * * *
    (hef; hóf, hófum; hafiðr and hafinn), v.
    1) to heave, raise, lift (hefja stein);
    hann hóf upp augu sin, he lifted up his eyes;
    hefja sik á lopt, to make a leap;
    hefja handa, to lift the hands (for defense);
    hefja höfuðs, to lift the head, be undaunted;
    hefja graut, to lift the porridge, eat it with a spoon;
    2) to exalt, raise in rank;
    hefja e-n til ríkis, to raise one to the throne;
    hefja mál sitt, to begin one’s speech;
    hefja ferð, to set out on a journey, to start;
    hefja flokk, to raise a party;
    hefja ákall, to raise a claim;
    impers., hefr e-t = hefr upp e-t, it begins (hér hefr Kristnisögu);
    refl., hefjast, to begin, originate (hvaðan af hefir hafizt skáldrskarpr?);
    4) impers. to be carried, drifted (by storm or tide);
    höf skipin öll saman (all the ships were drifted) inn at landinu;
    þeir létu hefja skipin ofan forstreymis, they let the ships drift down the stream;
    5) with preps.:
    hefja e-t af e-u, to take it off;
    impers., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc.), when she recovered from her swoon;
    þá hóf af mér vámur allar, all ailments left me;
    refl., hefjast af höndum e-m, to leave one;
    hefja á rás, to take to one’s feet (= hafa á rás);
    refl., láta hefjast fyrir, to retreat, withdraw;
    hefja munn sinn í sundr, to open one’s mouth;
    impers., Birkibeina (acc.) hefr undan, the B. drew back;
    hefja e-t upp, to lift up (hann hóf orminn upp á hendi sér);
    impers., hóf honum upp brýn (acc.), his face brightened;
    hefja e-t upp, to begin (= hefja 3);
    Egill hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem;
    impers., hér hefr upp Konunga-bók, here begins the K.;
    refl., hefjast upp, to begin (hér hefjast upp landnám);
    hefjast upp til ófriðar (með ófriði), to begin warfare;
    láta hefjast við, to lay to (naut.).
    * * *
    pret. hóf, pl. hófu; part. hafinn, but also hafiðr (weak); pres. indic. hef; pret. subj. hæfi, with neg. suff. hóf-at, Korm.; [Ulf. hafjan; A. S. hebban; Engl. heave, pret. hove; O. H. G. hafan; Germ. heben; Dan. hæve; Swed. häfva; cp. Lat. capere, in-cipere.]
    A. To heave, lift, raise; hefja stein, to lift a stone, Eg. 142; ok munu nú ekki meira hefja fjórir menn, 140; (hón) hóf hann at lopti, hove him aloft, Ýt. 9; hefja e-n til himins, Edda 61 (in a verse); hóf hann sér af herðum hver, Hym. 36; þá er hefja af hvera (mod. taka ofan pott, to take the pot off), Gm. 42; hóf sér á höfuð upp hver Sifjar verr, Hým. 34; hón hófat augu af mér, she took not her eyes off me, Korm. 16; hann hóf upp augu sín, he lifted up his eyes, 623. 20; hefja sik á lopt, to make a leap, Nj. 144.
    2. phrases, hefja handa, to lift the hands (for defence), Nj. 65, Ld. 262; h. höfuðs, to lift the head, stand upright, be undaunted; sá er nú hefir eigi höfuðs, Nj. 213: h. sinn munn í sundr, to open one’s mouth, Sturl. iii. 189: hefja graut, skyr, etc., to lift the porridge, curds, etc., eat food with a spoon, Fms. vi. 364; Rindill hóf (Ed. hafði wrongly) skyr ok mataðisk skjótt, Lv. 63.
    3. hefja út, to lift out a body, carry it from the house (út-hafning), Eg. 24; er mik út hefja, Am. 100; var konungr hafiðr dauðr ór hvílunni, Hkr. iii. 146. The ceremony of carrying the corpse out of the house is in Icel. still performed with solemnity, and followed by hymns, usually verses 9 sqq. of the 25th hymn of the Passíu-Sálmar; it is regarded as a farewell to the home in which a person has lived and worked; and is a custom lost in the remotest heathen age; cp. the Scot. to lift.
    β. hefja (barn) ór heiðnum dómi, to lift ( a bairn) out of heathendom, is an old eccl. term for to be sponsor (mod. halda undir skírn), Sighvat (in a verse); N. G. L. i. 350 records three kinds of sponsorship—halda barni undir primsignan, önnur at hefja barn ór heiðnum dómi, þriðja at halda á barni er biskup fermir: to baptize, skal þat barn til kirkju færa ok hefja ór heiðnum dómi, 12; barn hvert er borit verðr eptir nótt ina helgu, þá skal haft vera ( baptized) at Páskum, id.
    4. to exalt, Ad. 20, cp. with Yngl. S. ch. 10; hóf hann Jóseph til sæmðar, Sks. 454; hafðr til ríkis, 458; upp hafðr, 451; önd hennar var upp höfð yfir öll engla fylki, Hom. 129; hann mektaðisk mjök ok hóf sik of hátt af þeim auðæfum, Stj. 154; at hann hæfi upp ( exaltaret) Guðs orð með tungunni, Skálda 208; konungr hóf hann til mestu metorða, 625. 31: er hans ríki hóf, 28.
    II. impers.,
    1. to be heaved, hurled, drifted, by storm, tide, or the like; þá hóf upp knörr (acc.) undir Eyjafjöllum, a ship was upheaved by the gale, Bs. i. 30; hóf öll skipin (acc. the ship drifted) saman inn at landinu, Hkr. i. 206; þetta hóf ( drifted) fyrir straumi, iii. 94; þeir létu hefja ofan skipin forstreymis, let the ship drift before the stream, Fms. vii. 253; Birkibeina hefr undan, the B. went back, ix. 528.
    2. medic., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc. when she awoke, of one in a swoon), Bjarn. 68; þá hóf af mér vámur allar (acc. all ailments left me), svá at ek kenni mér nú hvergi íllt, Sturl. ii. 54; ek sé at þú ert fölr mjök, ok má vera, at af þér hafi, I see thou art very pale, but may be it will pass off, Finnb. 236; hóf honum heldr upp brún (acc. his face brightened), Eg. 55.
    III. reflex. to raise oneself, to rise; hefjask til ófriðar, to raise war, rebel, Eg. 264.
    β. to be raised; hefjask til ríkis, to be raised to the throne, Fms. i. 99; hefjask hátt, to be exalted, Fs. 13; hann hafði hafisk af sjálfum sér, he had risen by himself, Eg. 23; féll Hákon en hófsk upp Magnúss konungr, Sturl. i. 114; Þórðr hófsk ( rose) af þessu, Landn. 305, Hom. 152.
    2. phrases, hefjask við, to lay to, a naut. term; lét þá jarl hefjask við ok beið svá sinna manna, Fms. viii. 82; hefjask undan, to retire, draw back, Sd. 144: in the phrase, hefjask af höndum e-m, to leave one; hefsk nú aldregi af höndum þeim, give them no rest, Fms. xi. 59.
    3. part., réttnefjaðr ok hafit upp í framanvert, Nj. 29.
    B. Metaph. to raise, begin, Lat. incipere:
    1. to raise; hefja flokk, to raise a party, a rebellion, Fms. viii. 273; h. rannsókn, to raise an enquiry, Grág. ii. 193; h. ákall, to raise a claim, Eg. 39; h. brigð, to make a reclamation, Gþl. 295.
    2. to begin; hefja teiti, Fms. vii. 119; h. gildi, Sturl. i. 20; h. Jóla-hald, to begin ( keep) Yule, Fms. i. 31; h. boðskap, ii. 44: of a book, þar hefjum vér sögu af hinum helga Jóni biskupi, Bs. i. 151; h. mál, to begin one’s speech, Ld. 2; h. ferð, to start, Fb. ii. 38; h. orrustu.
    β. with prep. upp, (hence upp-haf, beginning); hóf Helgi upp mál sitt, Boll. 350; Egill hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem, 427; hann heyrði messu upp hafna, Fms. v. 225; hefja upp sálm, to begin a hymn, 623. 35; Flosi hóf upp suðrgöngu sína, F. started on his pilgrimage, Nj. 281; h. upp göngu sína, to start, Rb. 116.
    γ. hefja á rás, to take to one’s feet; síðan hefr hann á rás ok rann til bæjarins, Eg. 237; hinir Gautsku höfðu (thus weak vide hafa C. 2) á rás undan, Fms. iv. 120.
    δ. absol., hann hóf svá, he began thus, Fms. i. 33; þar hef ek upp, vii. 146; þar skal hefja upp við arftöku-mann, start from the a., Grág. i. 62.
    II. impers. to begin; hér hefr Þingfara-bólk (acc.), Gþl. 5; hér hefr upp Kristindóms-bólk, 39, 75, 378; hér hefr Landnáma-bók, Landn. 24; hér hefr upp landnám í Vestfirðinga fjórðungi, 64, 168 (v. l.), 237 (v. l.); hér hefr Kristni-Sögu, Bs. i. 3; nú hefr þat hversu Kristni kom á Ísland, id.; hér hefr sögu af Hrafni á Hrafnsevri, 639; hér hefr upp ok segir frá þeim tíðindum, er …, Fms. viii. 5; áðr en hefi sjálfa bókina, Gþl.; hér hefr sögu Gísla Súrs-sonar, Gísl. (begin.), v. l.: with upp, ok upp hefr Skáldskapar-mál ok Kenningar, Edda (Arna-Magn.) ii. 427; hér hefr upp Konunga-bók og hefr fyrst um þriðjunga-skipti heimsins, Hkr. Cod. Fris. 3; hann kom til Túnsbergs er upp hóf Adventus Domini, Fms. ix. 338.
    III. reflex. to begin; þar hefsk saga Harðar, Landn. 62; hvaðan hefir hafizk sú íþrótt, whence originates that art? Edda 47; hér hefjask upp landnám, Landn. 275; hófsk ríki Haralds konungs, king H.’s reign began, Ld. 2; áðr Rómverja-ríki hófsk, Rb. 402; hófusk (höfðusk, Ed. wrongly) þá enn orrostur af nýju, Fms. xi. 184; hvernig hafizk hefir þessi úhæfa, Al. 125; nú hefsk önnur tungl-öldin, Rb. 34; þá hefsk vetr, 70–78, 436.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HEFJA

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